夏夜叹
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唐代]：杜甫
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永日不可暮，炎蒸毒我肠。
安得万里风，飘飖吹我裳。
昊天出华月，茂林延疏光。
虚明见纤毫，羽虫亦飞扬。
物情无巨细，自适固其常。
念彼荷戈士，穷年守边疆。
何由一洗濯，执热互相望。
竟夕击刁斗，喧声连万方。
北城悲笳发，鹳鹤号且翔。
夏夜叹译文及注释
译文
漫长的白昼难以日暮，暑热熏蒸得我心如汤煮。
如何才能唤来万里长风，飘飘然吹起我的衣裳？
天空升起皎洁的月亮，茂林上承映着稀疏的月光。
仲夏之夜苦于太短，打开窗子享受一下微凉。
夜色空明能见到细微之物，昆虫也在振翅飞翔。
生命之体无论大小，当然都以自得其乐为常情。
于是我想到那些执戈的士兵，一年到头守卫边疆。
怎样才能使他们能够洗洗澡呢？他们苦于炎热却无可奈何地互相观望！
整夜在敲击刁斗忙于警戒，喧呼声响遍四面八方。
青紫官服虽然加在他们身上，也不如早日回到故乡。
华州城北吹响了悲凉的胡笳，鹳鹤哀号着四处飞翔。
唉，这乱世已令人忧伤，再加上天热烦躁身体疲惫，我不禁热切地将太平时世盼想。
注释
乾元二年（759）夏天，华州及关中大旱，杜甫写下《夏日叹》和《夏夜叹》。
永日：夏日昼长，故称。不可暮：言似乎盼不到日落。
毒我肠：热得我心中焦燥不安。我，一作“中”。
昊天：夏天。华月:明月。
延：招来。
仲夏：夏季的第二个月，即阴历五月。
轩：窗。
虚明：月光。
羽虫：夜飞的萤火虫。
巨细：大小。
自适：自得其乐。
荷戈士：戍卒。
穷年：一年到头。
洗濯：洗涤，沐浴。
执热：苦热。
竟夕：整夜。
刁斗:古代军中用具，铜制，三足有柄。白天用来做饭，夜晚敲击示警。
青紫：贵官之服。
北城：指华州。
鹳鹤：水鸟名，即鹳，长嘴，能捕鱼。
复：一作“怀”。
时康：天下安康太平。
参考资料：
1、海兵．杜甫诗全集详注：新疆人民出版社，2000年12月：130
2、彭定求等．全唐诗（上）．上海：上海古籍出版社，1986年10月版：518
夏夜叹创作背景
该诗是杜甫于乾元二年（公元759年）在华州所作。那一年，关中大旱，灾民到处逃荒，流离失所。杜甫从洛阳回到华州以后，仍然时时忧虑动荡的局势和苦难的人民，但似乎对唐肃宗和朝廷中把持大权的重臣们已失去了信心。这一年夏天他写下《夏夜叹》一诗，明确地表达了这种心情。
参考资料：
1、王艳娥．榜样的力量-杜甫的故事．长春：北方妇女儿童出版社，2010年5月版
夏夜叹鉴赏
《夏夜叹》描写的是窗下纳凉的情景，开始两句就是对酷暑的控诉：“永日不可暮，炎蒸毒我肠”，然后就是对清凉的期盼：“安得万里风，飘飖吹我裳”。后面就是他纳凉时的情形，接着是由此的所思：关中大旱，灾民流离失所，局势动荡，对唐肃宗和朝廷中把持大权的重臣们已失去了信心。
此章起结各四句，中二段各八句。
“永日不可暮，炎蒸毒我肠。安得万里风，飘飖吹我裳。”这四句感叹白日漫长，不知道什么时候才能到夜晚，酷暑难耐，使杜甫的心情烦躁。他希望能够唤来万里长风，疏解夏日的燥热。这几句日暮思风，引起下面八句的夜景。
“昊天出华月”以下八句，描写的是夏日夜凉之景：天空升起皎洁的月亮，茂林上承映着稀疏的月光。杜甫感叹仲夏之夜太过于短暂，白日漫长。他的诗真是道出了人民的心声啊，夏日的夜晚哪里是微凉啊，只能说不是很热罢了，要是夜再长一些，也许会凉快点儿！他打开窗户，能看到夜色下的细微之物、昆虫振翅飞翔。于是，他便由此联想到生命之体无论大小，当然都以自得其乐为常情。物情各适，起下文GREn/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>征人。
“念彼荷戈士”以下八句，描写的是夜热之感。杜甫由景联想到人，想到那些执戈的士兵，一年到头守卫边疆，想到他们的痛苦，炎炎夏日怎么才能使他们能够洗澡呢？他们苦于炎热，却只能无可奈何！他们整夜在敲击刁斗忙于警戒，虽然身穿官服，却还不如早日回到故乡。
“北城悲笳发，鹳鹤号且翔。况复烦促倦，激烈思时康。”末四句乃夜触所闻，而伤叹世事也，他期盼着太平盛世。在此时，他似乎对唐肃宗和朝廷中把持大权的重臣们已失去了信心。
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苏轼《
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刘禹锡《
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西塞山怀古》
杜甫简介
唐代·杜甫的简介
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杜甫（712－770），字子美，自号少陵野老，世称“杜工部”、“杜少陵”等，汉族，河南府巩县（今河南省巩义市）人，唐代伟大的现实主义诗人，杜甫被世人尊为“诗圣”，其诗被称为“诗史”。杜甫与李白合称“李杜”，为了跟另外两位诗人李商隐与杜牧即“小李杜”区别开来，杜甫与李白又合称“大李杜”。他忧国忧民，人格高尚，他的约1400余首诗被保留了下来，诗艺精湛，在中国古典诗歌中备受推崇，影响深远。759-766年间曾居成都，后世有杜甫草堂纪念。
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磐湖秋色同诸禅侣夜坐
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明代：
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罗万杰
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露下空山客袂凉，残荷新菊叠衰荣。池边宿鸟翻林影，竹里流泉杂磬声。
是夕逢秋偏澹滟，何人对月不凄清。香瓯茗碗共深坐，一室萧然称野情。