雁门胡人歌
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唐代]：崔颢
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高山代郡东接燕，雁门胡人家近边。
解放胡鹰逐塞鸟，能将代马猎秋田。
山头野火寒多烧，雨里孤峰湿作烟。
闻道辽西无斗战，时时醉向酒家眠。
雁门胡人歌译文及注释
译文
雁门郡东接古代燕国，郡内高山峻岭遍布，有些胡人的家就住在边境附近。
你看，一个胡人解开猎鹰脚上的绳索，让它飞出去追捕鸟雀，自己则骑着当地产的骏马驰骋在辽阔的秋原上，四处游猎。
时值深秋，胡人多放火烧山，一处处山头上的野火在寒冷的天气里静静地燃烧着；有时秋雨绵绵，雨点打在山上，溅起湿湿的烟雾，笼罩着山头。
看到山头的烟火，胡人误作是狼烟而紧张起来，但接着听说辽西并没有战事，马上又安定下来，时时买酒取乐，经常喝得酩酊大醉而卧在酒店。
注释
雁门：雁门郡。汉朝时期代州为雁门郡。胡人：古代对北方与西域少数民族的泛称。
代郡：雁门郡。燕：古代燕国，在今河北东北部和辽宁西部，地处东方，故称“东接燕”。
解放：解开束缚的绳子，放飞之。
将：驾御。代马：指古代漠北产的骏马。猎秋田：狩猎于秋天的田野。
雨：一本作“雾”。
辽西：州郡名。大致在今河北东北、辽宁西部一带。辽：一本作“关”。斗战：战斗、战争。
参考资料：
1、曹寅 等．全唐诗（上）．上海：上海古籍出版社，1986年10月版：第304页
2、于海娣 等．唐诗鉴赏大全集．北京：中国华侨出版社，2010年12月版：第66页
雁门胡人歌鉴赏
这首边塞诗反映的是边塞胡人的生活。通过这首诗，可以看出作者的民族观，他并没有因为战争而把胡人与汉人对立起来，他相信少数民族绝大多数也是爱好和平的，他们也是战争的受害者，同样渴望过一种安宁的生活。
首联“高山代郡东接燕，雁门胡人家近边”，交代了雁门郡的地理环境和当地胡人的分布。颔联生动地描写了雁门胡人日常的狩猎生活：这两句中“胡鹰”“塞鸟”“代马”三个意象，都是在动物前冠以一个又边塞特征的修饰词，突出其地域特点，很有边地特色。从胡人的放鹰捕鸟、骑马游猎的生活描写中，读者能真切地感受到一种富有民族特色的生活气息，令人耳目一新，仿佛看到了一幅“天苍苍，野茫茫”的秋猎画面。颈联生动地刻画了边地的自然景象：这两句描绘了“野火烧山”和“雨湿孤峰”两幅画面，意象或浓或淡，或辽阔生动或静谧苍茫，而且富于季节和地域特征。两句中“寒”与“火”、“湿”与“烟”相反相成，互相烘托，趣在其中。另外，山头野火和烟雾颇似战争中的烽火，这对于饱受战争之苦的人们来说，很容易联想到战争，行文上自然地引起下文。尾联“闻道辽西无斗战，时时醉向酒家眠”两句写饱受战争蹂躏的人们渴望和平，并在和平的环境中尽情享受生活的情景。
这首诗独具匠心，别开生面，生动形象地描摹了胡人的生活状态，有声有色地写出了边地少数民族好勇尚武，粗犷豪迈的精神面貌。秋日出猎、山头野烧的代北景色及胡人在和平时期从容醉酒的风习，极其新颖别致。诗中先写胡人的日常生活，然后写了一个小插曲，即误将野火雨雾当作烽烟而最终释然。在诗人笔下，胡人与汉人一样，同样厌恶战争并同样富有人情味，因此赋予了此诗以凝重的反战主题。
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岑参《
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胡歌》
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卢汝弼《
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和李秀才边庭四时怨·其四》
崔颢简介
唐代·崔颢的简介
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崔颢 唐开元年间进士，官至太仆寺丞，天宝中为司勋员外郎。最为人们津津乐道的是他那首《黄鹤楼》，据说李白为之搁笔，曾有“眼前有景道不得，崔颢题诗在上头”的赞叹。《全唐诗》存其诗四十二首。
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