书巢记
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宋代]：陆游
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陆子既老且病，犹不置读书，名其室曰书巢。客有问曰：“鹊巢于木，巢之远人者；燕巢于梁，巢之袭人者。凤之巢，人瑞之；枭之巢，人覆之。雀不能巢，或夺燕巢，巢之暴者也；鸠不能巢，伺鹃育雏而去，则居其巢，巢之拙者也。上古有有巢氏，是为未有宫室之巢。尧民之病水者，上而为巢，是为避害之巢。前世大山穷谷中，有学道之士，栖木若巢，是为隐居之巢。近时饮家者流，或登木杪，酣醉叫呼，则又为狂士之巢。今子幸有屋以居，牖户墙垣，犹之比屋也，而谓之巢，何耶？”
陆子曰：“子之辞辩矣，顾未入吾室。吾室之内，或栖于椟，或陈于前，或枕藉于床，俯仰四顾，无非书者。吾饮食起居，疾痛呻吟，悲忧愤叹，未尝不与书俱。宾客不至，妻子不觌，而风雨雷雹之变，有不知也。间有意欲起，而乱书围之，如积槁枝，或至不得行，辄自笑曰：‘此非吾所谓巢者邪。’”乃引客就观之。客始不能入，既入又不能出，乃亦大笑曰：“信乎其似巢也。”客去，陆子叹曰：“天下之事，闻者不如见者知之为详，见者不如居者知之为尽。吾侪未造夫道之堂奥，自藩篱之外而妄议之，可乎？”因书以自警。淳熙九年九月三日，甫里陆某务观记。
书巢记译文及注释
译文
陆子已经年老而且多病，仍不放弃读书，我把自己的居室取名叫书巢。有客人问我说：“喜鹊在树木之上筑巢，它的巢远离人群；燕子在屋梁之上筑巢，它的巢常常接触人群。凤凰的巢，人们认为它吉祥；枭的巢，人们都想毁坏它。麻雀不能筑巢，有的夺取燕子的巢窝，这是残暴地（夺取）巢；斑鸠不能筑巢，它等待喜鹊养育小雏离去之后，就居住在鹊巢之中，这是（斑鸠）不善于筑巢。上古有有巢氏，那是因为当时还没有宫室那样的房子。尧的百姓担心水患，因而在水的上面筑巢，那就是避免灾害的巢。前世在大山深谷之中，有学道的人，他们住在树洞之中如同巢穴，那是隐居者的巢；近来那些狂饮酗酒者，有的登上树梢大醉号叫，这又是颠狂之人的巢。现在您有幸有屋子居住，屋室有门窗墙壁，还可以连接其他的屋室，可是你却称它为巢，这是为什么呢？”
陆子说：“您的话很有道理，只是您没进过我的屋子。我屋子里（的书），有的藏在木箱里，有的陈列在眼前，有的排列在床头，俯仰观看，环顾四周，没有不是书的。我的饮食起居，疾病呻吟，悲伤忧虑，愤激感叹，没有不和书在一起的。客人不来，妻子和儿女都不相见，连天气风雨雷雹的变化，也都不知道。偶尔想站起身，可乱书围着我，如同堆积的枯树枝。有时甚至到了不能走路的地步，于是自己笑着说：‘这不就是我所说的巢吗？’”于是带领客人进屋观看。客人开始不能进来，进来了又不能出去，于是也大笑说：“确实是像巢一样啊。”客人离去之后，我叹息说：“天下的事，听说的不如看到的了解得详细，见到的不如身居其中的了解得详尽。我们这些人如果没有到道的精微之处去考察、研究，却在藩篱之外胡乱议论，那可以吗？”于是写下这篇文章来自警。淳熙九年九月三日，甫里陆某务观写。
注释
杪（miǎo）：树梢的细枝。
椟（dú）：木柜、木匣，这里指书橱。
陈：陈列。
顾：看。
俱：一起。
妻子：妻子儿女。
觌（dí）：相见。
间：偶尔。
槁枝：枯树枝。
或：有时。
就：走、靠近。
既：已、已经。
信：确实。
侪：同辈、同类人。
堂奥：房屋正中偏前的厅堂之中，此指道的精微之处。
妄议：胡乱议论。
自警：警示自己。
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陆游简介
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陆游（1125—1210），字务观，号放翁。汉族，越州山阴（今浙江绍兴）人，南宋著名诗人。少时受家庭爱国思想熏陶，高宗时应礼部试，为秦桧所黜。孝宗时赐进士出身。中年入蜀，投身军旅生活，官至宝章阁待制。晚年退居家乡。创作诗歌今存九千多首，内容极为丰富。著有《剑南诗稿》、《渭南文集》、《南唐书》、《老学庵笔记》等。
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