野人饷菊有感
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明代]：张煌言
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战罢秋风笑物华，野人偏自献黄花。
已看铁骨经霜老，莫遣金心带雨斜。
野人饷菊有感译文及注释
译文
我在秋风中酣战方休，笑看周围的美景。乡村的人民偏偏送给我一束黄花。
我看那菊花的枝茎虽饱经风霜但仍象铁骨那样的坚硬，它护卫着花朵不受风雨袭击而偏斜。
注释
野人：居住在乡间的百姓。
饷（xiǎng)：赠送。
物华：美好的事物。
偏：偏偏。
黄花：菊花。
铁骨：这里指菊的枝茎。
奠遣：不要让。
金心：这里指菊的花朵。
野人饷菊有感创作背景
诗人张煌言是著名的抗清英雄，居住在乡村的劳动人民赠送一束菊花给他，以表达对其的敬仰之情，诗人遂以菊为题写下了这首诗，表现自己的抗清志向。
参考资料：
1、霍松林．历代绝句精华鉴赏辞典：陕西人民出版社，1993.05：1375
野人饷菊有感鉴赏
这是一首咏物诗。古人咏菊之作很多，但此诗为作者一念触发，灵感倏至而作。
头二句写作诗缘起，乡居野处的百姓出于对隐居的英雄的敬佩，相赠菊花。首句“战罢秋风笑物华”，起势不凡，一个“战”字，一个“笑”字，使横戈疆场而又乐观坚贞的民族英雄形象跃然纸上。次句“乡人偏自献菊花”，是对抗清英雄的崇高礼赞。诗的一、二句创造了赏菊的感情环境。
后两句则笔势急转，“已看铁骨经霜老，莫遣金心带雨斜”是全诗最铿锵有力、动人心魄的诗句。诗人由对自身的抒写转入对菊花的描绘。野菊挺秀的枝茎和灿然如火的黄花激发许多联想。花茎虽已经霜，仍不失挺拨咄咄之势；“铁骨”一词拟化出不畏风霜的菊花的伟岸不群的品格。诗人以怜惜的笔调写出对不畏风雨的菊花的爱护。后二句虽然字面上全为咏叹菊花的字句，但从字里行间可以看出野菊经霜不老的傲岸实为诗人自身凛凛正气的象征。无疑，后两句仍是在抒写诗人自己的豪情气概。
前两句是叙述，叙述中充满诗情，后两句借景抒情。“骨”与“心”都将菊花拟人化，赋予菊以人的性格。“骨”用“铁”字修饰，“心”用“金”字限定，既写出了菊花的凌霜贞姿，又写出了诗人的英雄品格。全诗写菊，又是写人，是写景，又是抒情，菊与人，景与情，洽合无间，融为一体。
此诗严格说来，不是纯粹的咏物诗，因为诗人的感情、精神时时介入其间，不过借菊花象征而已。但野菊的自然情态处处与涌荡于诗人胸中的奔逸之情相合，所以诗人才得以借菊花来表达自己的情感。就实质而言．作者描绘菊花的诗句已创造出一种艺术形式，从而将主体感情固着其中，菊花成为诗人情感的一个对等物。
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曹雪芹《
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菊梦》
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曹雪芹《
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忆菊》
张煌言简介
唐代·张煌言的简介
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张煌言（1620—1664年），字玄著，号苍水，鄞县（今浙江宁波）人，汉族，南明儒将、诗人，著名抗清英雄。崇祯时举人，官至南明兵部尚书。后被俘，遭杀害，就义前，赋《绝命诗》一首。谥号忠烈。其诗文多是在战斗生涯里写成，质朴悲壮，表现出作家忧国忧民的爱国热情，有《张苍水集》行世。张煌言与岳飞、于谦并称“西湖三杰”。清国史馆为其立传，《明史》有传。1776年（乾隆四十一年）追谥忠烈，入祀忠义祠，收入《钦定胜朝殉节诸臣录》。
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