暮秋山行
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唐代]：岑参
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疲马卧长坂，夕阳下通津。
山风吹空林，飒飒如有人。
千念集暮节，万籁悲萧辰。
鶗鴂昨夜鸣，蕙草色已陈。
况在远行客，自然多苦辛。
暮秋山行译文及注释
译文
疲惫的马儿睡卧在长长的山坡上，太阳已经落到水面上。山中的秋风吹进空寂的树林，树叶飒飒作响，好像有人进入林中。苍茫的天空下起冷冷的雨，青石的路面没有了灰尘。千万种念头，都在这傍晚出现在脑海，万物的声音都在萧瑟的清晨悲鸣。鶗鴂昨晚还在鸣叫，蕙草已经开始枯萎。何况我这远行的异乡人，自然就会有很多艰苦的辛酸。
注释
飒飒（sà）：风声。
旻（mín）：天空。此处指秋季的天。
鶗鴂（tíjué）：亦作“鶗鴃”，即杜鹃鸟。
暮秋山行鉴赏
诗的开头就以“马”“长坂”写山行，但并非写山间行走，而是写山间停歇。而且这种停歇又并非那种充满雅致逸兴的停歇，而是“疲卧”，以马的疲于山行，衬托了人的倦于奔波。接着，又以渡口西沉的斜阳来烘托诗人的心境。
诗的下面四句写“暮秋”，是山行的环境。“山风吹空林，飒飒如有人”两句先以风吹空林来表现林的“空”，又以仿佛有人而实则无人来衬托林的“空”，幽深静寂的环境写得十分生动。“如有人”的比喻，更加反衬出树林的空寂。“苍旻霁凉雨，石路无飞尘”，正值秋日凉雨初霁，路上行尘不起。前两句从左右，这两句从上下将山间景色点染得更为幽静空寂。这四句所写的山色极其生动逼真，使人如临其境，就其本身而言，如唐代殷璠所说，是“宜称幽致”的，然而在此时此地，它所映衬的却是诗人空虚惆怅的心境。诗人之所以“卧”，并非由于山色幽雅宜人，而是由于千般烦恼与愁绪集于一身，是由于“疲”。由“千念”一转，写所感。此时正是岁暮时节，而迎萧瑟秋风，诗人百感交集，而其感情基调则是一“悲”字。以“千念”统领，说明诗人感触很多，这一切都由“暮节”而引发。“万籁”表明其声响之多，然而这一切音响只能越发触动诗人悲愁心绪。客观环境中的“万籁”，反衬主观心境中的“千念”。
“鶗鴂昨夜鸣，蕙草色已陈”，在这里，诗人用屈原诗意，以鶗鴂已鸣，芳草色陈，比喻盛时已过，年岁渐高，抱负难以施展；流露出对岁月，实际是对自身处境的深深忧虑。诗的最后两句在上文的基础上，又进一步说明自己的处境：岁月已晚，而自己仍在异乡漂泊奔波。“远行”二字呼应题目“山行”，表现此行之遥远艰辛，同时暗示出远行奔波之毫无成就。诗人所疲于山行的原因，就在诗的这四句中说明了；而“苦辛”二字则为“暮秋山行”作了总的归结。将暮秋景色与山行所感紧密结合，使之相互衬托，从而突出了诗人倦于仕途奔波的心境。其中写山色四句，语句清新自然，描绘生动传神，意境幽远凄清，与全诗格调极为和谐。
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白居易《
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宴散》
岑参简介
唐代·岑参的简介
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岑参（约715-770年），唐代边塞诗人，南阳人，太宗时功臣岑文本重孙，后徙居江陵。[1-2] 岑参早岁孤贫，从兄就读，遍览史籍。唐玄宗天宝三载（744年）进士，初为率府兵曹参军。后两次从军边塞，先在安西节度使高仙芝幕府掌书记；天宝末年，封常清为安西北庭节度使时，为其幕府判官。代宗时，曾官嘉州刺史（今四川乐山），世称“岑嘉州”。大历五年（770年）卒于成都。
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