鹧鸪天·却月凌风度雪清
[
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]：孔榘
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却月凌风度雪清。何郎高咏照花明。一枝弄碧传幽信，半额涂黄拾晚荣。
春思淡，暗香轻。江南雨冷若为情。犹胜远隔潇湘水，忽到窗前梦不成。
鹧鸪天·却月凌风度雪清鉴赏
首句“却月凌风度雪清”是对梅花所处环境的描述。“却月（指弯月）凌风”本出自南朝诗人何逊的《咏早梅诗》：“枝横却月观，花绕凌风台。”这一句总的意思是说：在积雪横陈、明月高挂的清宵，梅花在料峭的寒风中含情独放。从词人所展现的清幽的意境中，可以看出他是十分擅长通过意象的组合造成预定的效果的。这里的“明月、积雪”诸意象不但确实产生了一种幽雅的情趣，而且为后面女主人公的出现替读者作了某种环境与情绪上的启示。“何郎高咏照花明”是对“却月”句的补充与呼应。何郎，即何逊；高咏，即前面所指的《咏早梅诗》。词人说，在这种荡人魂魄的环境中，很容易使人想起何逊的咏梅佳作。正由于词人生花妙笔的渲染，才使本来就熠熠生辉的梅花更显得明艳动人。“一枝弄碧传幽信”，是对梅花的具体描写，但词人的着眼点却不在梅花的形体，而在于她所蕴含的春的信息，即“传幽信”。词人说由梅枝呈绿仿佛看到了春的韵律的萌动。正因为如此，才引出了后面的一句“半额涂黄拾晚荣”。额黄，指妇女额上的涂饰，梁简文帝《戏赠丽人诗》云：“同安鬟里拨，异作额间黄。”晚荣，则指在深宵开放的梅花。这一句的意思是：一位半涂额黄的年轻少妇，深宵步月，来到梅树下采摘花朵。这一句与上句不但在意境上有着十分有机的联系，而且在形式上也互为对仗，典雅精工，如“弄”与“涂”相对，“传”与“拾”相对，确实起到了画龙点晴的传神作用，显示了词人深厚的艺术功力。以上是上片，词人在写梅的同时，引出该词的主人公，从而为下片的抒情作了过度。
下片的一开始便转入对女主人公心理的刻画：“春思淡，暗香轻，江南雨冷若为情。”词人说，暗香撩人，春思淡淡，女主人公自然忆起了远在江南的意中人，甚至想见了他在凄风冷雨中愁苦的容颜，因此，不禁黯然伤情。这三句由于句式参差（前两句每句三字，后一句七字），这样便自然在音调上形成了一唱三叹的效果，这在一定的程度上增强了词中的衷伤情绪。下句“犹胜远隔潇湘水”，写女主人公由自己和意中人的不幸的遭遇，想起了湘君与湘夫人缠绵悱恻的爱情悲剧，“潇湘水”正是这方面的暗示。无疑，这种联想不但不能给女主人公寂寞忧愁的心灵带来任何慰藉，反而增添了几分悲剧感，使她感到了现实的残酷，以致产生了这样的感觉：“忽到窗前梦不成。”词人说，当女主人公再一次瞥见窗前幽独自放的梅花时，便从幽梦中惊醒，感叹起自己凄凉的身世来。
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黄蘖禅师《
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上堂开示颂》
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张道洽《
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岭梅》
孔榘简介
唐代·孔榘的简介
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