客中除夕
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明代]：袁凯
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今夕为何夕，他乡说故乡。
看人儿女大，为客岁年长。
戎马无休歇，关山正渺茫。
一杯柏叶酒，未敌泪千行。
客中除夕译文及注释
译文
今儿晚是怎样的一个夜晚？只能在异地他乡诉说故乡。
眼看别人的儿女一天天长大，自己的客游生活却岁岁增长。
战乱连年不断、无休无歇，关山阻隔，故乡归路渺茫。
饮一杯除夕避邪的柏叶酒，压不住思亲眼泪万千行。
注释
客中除夕：在外乡过大年除夕。客中，客居外乡之时。
“今夕”句：语出《诗经·唐风·绸缪》：“今夕何夕，见此良人。”这里借用以抒写除夕怀念家人的愁思。
“他乡”句：从刘皂《旅次朔方》（一作贾岛《渡桑干》）的“无端更渡桑干水，却望并州是故乡”句化出。
戎（róng）马：指军事行动、战乱。
无休歇：未停止过。
“关山”句：用杜甫《登岳阳楼》“戎马关山北，凭轩涕泗流”句意。关山，关口和山岳，这里代指故乡。渺茫，遥远，看不清楚。
柏（bǎi）叶酒：用柏叶浸过的酒，也叫“柏酒”。古代风俗，以柏叶后凋耐久，因取其叶浸酒，元旦共饮，以祝长寿。南朝·梁·宗懔《荆楚岁时记》：“正月一日，‘长幼悉正衣冠，以次拜贺，进椒、柏酒，饮桃汤。’”南朝·梁·庾肩吾《岁尽》：“聊开柏叶酒，试奠五辛盘。”唐·孟浩然《岁除夜会乐城张少府宅》：“旧曲梅花唱，新正柏酒传。”《本草纲目》：“柏叶可服食，元旦以之浸酒，辟邪。”
未敌：不能阻挡。指欲借酒消愁，但仍阻止不了热泪滚滚。
参考资料：
1、羊春秋，何严．《明诗精华二百首》．西安：陕西人民出版社，1998：56
2、李竹君．《宋元明诗三百首》．北京：华夏出版社，1999：145
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守岁》
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李白《
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上三峡》
袁凯简介
唐代·袁凯的简介
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袁凯，生卒年不详，字景文，号海叟，明初诗人，以《白燕》一诗负盛名，人称袁白燕。松江华亭（今上海市松江县）人，洪武三年（1370）任监察御史，后因事为朱元璋所不满，伪装疯癫，以病免职回家，终“以寿终”。著有《海叟集》4卷。
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