春日山中对雪有作
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唐代]：杜荀鹤
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岭梅谢后重妆蕊，岩水铺来却结冰。
牢系鹿儿防猎客，满添茶鼎候吟僧。
好将膏雨同功力，松径莓苔又一层。
春日山中对雪有作译文及注释
译文
雪花打在竹丛和树枝上，不时发出沙沙响声；浓密的雪片从空中飘落下来，聚集在地面上。
岭头的梅花已经凋谢，现在又好像重新开放了；山岩积雪融化后的流水，却又结成寒冰。
要把驯养的小鹿栓牢，严防它们乱跑而被雪天打猎的人捉去；将煮茶的壶水添满，等候山寺的僧人共同品尝、吟诗。
可以将春雪同春雨的功劳相比；春雪过后，松间小路上的莓苔，将会更加浓密。
注释
霏霏漠漠：形容雪花密而无声。 散：飘散，指空中的雪。 凝：凝结、凝聚，指飘落后的雪。
重妆蕊：指雪凝结在花谢后的梅枝上，好像梅花又重新开放了一样。
岩水：山岩积雪融化后的流水。
鹿儿：驯养的小鹿。 猎客：打猎的人。
鼎：古时一种炊器，多为三足两耳的青铜制品。 僧：和尚。
膏雨：滋润土地的雨水。 功力：功能，功劳。
莓：植物名，果实小，花托球形。 苔：植物名，根、茎、叶的区别不明显，生在潮湿的地方。
参考资料：
1、叶伯泉．丽雪赋：北方文艺出版社，1987年：第114页
2、程景新 ，邹同庆，关淑惠．咏雪古诗百首：海燕出版社，1990年：第86页
春日山中对雪有作创作背景
诗人身处唐末乱世，社会动荡。王室的生活则越来越奢侈糜。.百姓们处在暗无天日、水深火热的境地。诗人一生过着穷困潦倒的生活，对劳动人民和现实生活有广泛的接触。他作此诗，实际上是借此乡村美景，反衬乱世不平，从中可以品味出诗人对下层人民的关注和同情。
参考资料：
1、叶森槐．杜荀鹤诗选：黄山书社，1988年：第2页
春日山中对雪有作鉴赏
这首咏雪诗，紧扣诗题中的“春日“、“山中“描绘，点明了时间地点与环境状况，形成了一幅别具特色的山村春雪景图。
首联第一句写春雪落竹丛，“无声”之中仿佛“有声“，把春雪的那种温柔，缠绵和细密，写的惟妙惟肖，韵昧很浓。首联第二句写春雪的“霏霏漠漠“及其“散”、“凝”的形态，把雪花密而无声的那种状态写的十分逼真，“散”和“凝”这一组反义词同时加在了雪花的描述上，直接从状态上突出了雪花“似松非松，似散非散”的特点，矛盾而又统一，这样的雪才富有特色。
颔联，第三句中的“重妆蕊“，“妆蕊”本就是用来描写梅花的，而作者所面对的却是雪白洁净的雪花，冬天刚刚过去，梅花早已凋零，而作者在这里点睛一笔，生动地再现了春雪缀满枝头，宛如梅花再放的景象，与“忽如一夜春风来，千树万树梨花开”这千古名句有异曲同工之效。第四句中的“却结冰“，写出了春雪带来的春寒，连山岩积雪融化后的流水都又重新结冰，作者以写实的手法再现了当时的天气状况，为当时景色的大环境坐下了铺垫，不得不说，作者在词语的拿捏，内容的安排方面是下了一番苦工的。
颈联，第五、六两句则是平铺直叙地描写了春雪中的人事活动：系鹿防猎客、添茶候吟僧。看似普普通通的乡家活动，却在这里赋予了雪景的一种动感，动静结合，从朴实中见真感情，使整篇诗欣赏起来更富有真实感，同时也增强了诗歌的可读性，充分体现了山村农家的特点，诗中所描绘的这幅春日雪景也因这生动的农家描写而显得更加有生命力。
尾联写春雪滋润万物的功力可以与春雨相等，给山间松径带来一片生机。春雨素来有“随风潜入夜，润物细无声”的赞美，而此处，作者直抒胸臆，“同功力”三个字将春雪对大地做的贡献直接提升到了与春雨等价的高度，表达了作者对春雪的无尽喜爱与赞美之情。最后又用了“松径”和“莓苔”两个意象将春雪所作的贡献具体化，正是因为春雪的滋润，这两种植物才会“又一层”，更加有力地论证了作者的观点，在此处，也可见作者逻辑之严谨，思维之紧密。全诗以写景为主，虽无华丽之辞藻，却有真实之感情，形象生动地再现了春雪之后山村所特有的清新、闲适、淡泊的特色，全诗读来朗朗上口，读者细细品味之时，脑袋中就能浮现出那样一番雪景，雪景无限风光，着实令人神往。
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杜荀鹤简介
唐代·杜荀鹤的简介
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杜荀鹤(846～904)，唐代诗人。字彦之，号九华山人。汉族，池州石埭（今安徽石台）人。大顺进士，以诗名，自成一家，尤长于宫词。大顺二年，第一人擢第，复还旧山。宣州田頵遣至汴通好，朱全忠厚遇之，表授翰林学士、主客员外郎、知制诰。恃势侮易缙绅，众怒，欲杀之而未及。天祐初卒。自序其文为《唐风集》十卷，今编诗三卷。事迹见孙光宪《北梦琐言》、何光远《鉴诫录》、《旧五代史·梁书》本传、《唐诗纪事》及《唐才子传》。
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