愁倚阑·春犹浅
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宋代]：程垓
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春犹浅，柳初芽，杏初花。杨柳杏花交影处，有人家。
玉窗明暖烘霞。小屏上、水远山斜。昨夜酒多春睡重，莫惊他。
愁倚阑·春犹浅鉴赏
词的下片首两句，转入对室内景物的铺排，与上片室外一派春光相对应。窗外杨柳杏花交相辉映，窗内明暖如烘霞，给人以春暖融融，阳光明媚之感。而小屏上“水远山斜”的图画，亦与安谧的春景相应。
“小屏”一句，语小而不纤，反能以小见大，得尺幅千里之势，“水远山斜”，正好弥补了整个画面上缺少山水的不足。这正是小屏画图安排的绝妙处。此词一句一景写到这里，一幅色彩、意境、情调极为和谐的风景画就铺排妥当了。作者以清丽婉雅的笔触，在这极有限的字句里，创造了一种令人神往的境界，然后才画龙点睛，正面点出那位酒后春睡的“他”。“莫惊他”三字，下得静悄悄，喜盈盈，与全词的气氛、情调极贴切，语虽平常，却堪称神来之笔。
全词写景由远及近，铺排而下，步步烘托，曲终见意，既层次分明，又用笔省净。细味深参，全词无一处不和谐，无一处不舒适，无一处不宁静。显然，词人在对景物的描绘中，渗透了他对生活的理想与愿望，也充分体现了词人对由景生情写作手法达到了炉火纯青的地步。就一般常例来看，艺术上的渲染、铺排，往往会导致语言上的雕琢、繁缛。但是这首小词却清新平易，绝无刀斧痕。语言平淡，是程垓词的一个明显特点，读他的《书舟词》，几乎首首明白如话，这种语言风格并非轻易得之。况蕙风论词，曾引了宋人葛立方《韵语阳秋》论诗的一段话：“陶潜、谢朓诗皆平淡有思致。……大抵欲造平淡，当自组丽中来；落其华芬，然后可造平淡之境。如此，则陶、谢不足进矣。梅圣俞赠杜挺之诗有‘作诗无古今，欲造平淡难’之句。李白云：‘清水出芙容，天然去雕饰。平淡而到天然，则甚善矣。’况氏然后说：‘此论精微，可通于词。’欲造平淡，当自组丽中来，即倚声家言自然从追琢中出也。”（《蕙风词话续编》卷一）程垓这首小小的《愁倚阑》，以平淡的语言精心写景，巧藏情致，具见巧夺天工，终得自然之美，足以为况氏的词论作一佳证。
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陶渊明《
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饮酒·十五》
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黄庭坚《
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诉衷情·小桃灼灼柳鬖鬖》
程垓简介
唐代·程垓的简介
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「程垓」字正伯，眉山（今属四川）人。苏轼中表程之才（字正辅）之孙。淳熙十三年（1186）游临安，陆游为其所藏山谷帖作跋，未几归蜀。撰有帝王君臣论及时务利害策五十篇。绍熙三年（1192），已五十许，杨万里荐以应贤良方正科。绍熙五年（1194）乡人王称序其词，谓“程正伯以诗词名，乡之人所知也。余顷岁游都下，数见朝士，往往亦称道正伯佳句”。冯煦《蒿庵论词》：“程正伯凄婉绵丽，与草窗所录《绝妙好词》家法相近。”有《书舟词》（一作《书舟雅词》）一卷。
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