春雁
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明代]：王恭
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春风一夜到衡阳，楚水燕山万里长。
莫道春来便归去，江南虽好是他乡。
春雁译文及注释
译文
一夜间，春风吹遍了衡阳城，雁儿盘算着路程，准备立刻从楚水边飞回燕山旁。
不要怪我春天一来就要回去，江南虽好，却是他乡！
注释
衡阳：今属湖南省，在衡山之南、有山峰势如大雁回旋，名回雁峰。相传北来的大睚到此不再南飞，遇春飞回北方。
楚水：泛指古代楚地的江湖。战国时，楚国占有湖北、湖南、安徽、四川、江浙的大部地区，这里言楚，即指江南。
燕山：在河北平原北侧从潮白河谷到山海关，由西向东绵延数百里。这里泛指北方地区。
春雁创作背景
明成祖永乐四年，即公元1406年，诗人王恭被荐举为翰林待诏，参与修《永乐大典》，书成之后，被授为翰林典籍。可是诗人厌倦仕途，于是辞官返回家乡，这首诗便写在回归家乡的途中。
参考资料：
1、上海辞书出版社文学鉴赏辞典编纂中心．元明清诗三百首鉴赏辞典：上海辞书出版社，2012.01：110
春雁鉴赏
咏雁的诗通常借秋雁南飞的形象，抒发在北方的游子对南方家乡的怀念，以及对北方艰苦环境的厌倦。这首诗却相反，塞北虽苦，但终究是故土。这首诗构思别具一格，主题更上一层楼。
诗歌首句从春到衡阳切入，语气中充满欢欣。诗人一开章就说“春风一夜到衡阳”，仿佛“一夜”之间就可以完成从冬到春的岁序交替。乍看起来，好像有悖于常理，仔细一琢磨，这洋溢着人们对暖风乍至、大地春回的轻松喜悦之情，也从侧面反映了雁儿正久久地等待着春天的到来，因而对此特别敏感，暖风初至，便喜不自胜。
第二句，在春暖花开的季节，大雁并不是因此赢得舒缓喘息的时机，而是产生急切离开的归念，忖量着“楚水燕山”的漫漫征程，准备立刻从楚水之畔飞回燕山之旁。这一层跳跃，写出大雁归心的急切，可说是“闻风而动”，绝无犹豫。“楚”，当然是指大雁生活的南方；“燕”，却是寒冷的北国，山水互文见义，正说明从南到北，这中间，要经历千山万水。“万里长”显示了大雁征程的遥远。而此时的江南，春色佳丽，正好流连。对此，人们心头困惑自然转化为对大雁的质疑，不但诗人要“怪”，连读者也要“怪”。
后两句当然是大雁的回答——“莫怪春来便归去，江南虽好是他乡。诗人用托物咏怀的手法，借春雁的口吻表达强烈的思乡情感，当然是可以理解的；可是王恭是福建闽侯县人，江南本来就是他的故乡，他却说“江南虽好是他乡”，由此看来，诗中的“楚水”、“江南”并非确指某个地域或方位，只不过是一种借代性的语句，指的是享受荣华富贵的朝堂。因而本诗的主题不是表现对故乡的执着的爱，而是表现了诗人想辞官归隐、遁迹林泉，寻找自己精神憩息的家园，也表现了诗人不愿为官，愿过渔樵隐逸生活的意趣。
本诗独特之处，在于它的取向不同，不写秋雁南归，寄托羁宦北方的士大夫对南方乡土的思念，而是写春雁，在春风吹到衡阳时，不计从“楚水”到“燕山”的“万里”之遥、程途之苦，坚决要回艰苦的北方去。诗旨不在于区别南北地域，而重在表现不留恋温柔富贵的官场，甘愿终老田园过吟啸自得的清高日子。
诗歌四句的结构，从弃优就劣这一违背常情的举动，引出疑问，而后归结到全诗的中心，有助于将主题表现得更鲜明，艺术手法上从反常突出正常，在引起惊诧后再以拟人的口吻亮底，加强了艺术效果。
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张炎《
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风入松·危楼古镜影犹寒》
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沈约《
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有所思》
王恭简介
唐代·王恭的简介
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王恭(1343-? )，字安仲，长乐沙堤人。家贫，少游江湖间，中年隐居七岩山，为樵夫20多年，自号“皆山樵者”。善诗文，与高木秉、陈亮等诸文士唱和，名重一时。诗人王 曾为他作《皆山樵者传》。明永乐二年(1404年)，年届六十岁的王恭以儒士荐为翰林待诏，敕修《永乐大典》。永乐五年，《永乐大典》修成，王恭试诗高第，授翰林典籍。不久，辞官返里。王恭作诗，才思敏捷，下笔千言立就，诗风多凄婉，隐喻颇深。为闽中十才子之一，著有《白云樵集》四卷，《草泽狂歌》五卷及《风台清啸》等。
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