采桑子·桐庐舟中
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清代]：陶元藻
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浮家不畏风兼浪，才罢炊烟，又袅茶烟，闲对沙鸥枕手眠。
晚来人静禽鱼聚，月上江边，缆系岩边，山影松声共一船。
采桑子·桐庐舟中译文及注释
译文
江上风急浪涌仍不惧岿然不动，刚刚吃完饭又接着烹茶慢饮，卧躺舟中让思绪与沙鸥一同翱游冥冥长空，枕手缓缓入梦。
黑暗降临，寂静无声，水中小雨群群聚集嬉戏。天上的明月高悬，江面波光粼粼，小舟系于岩石边，与这宁静的夜晚融为一体。
注释
桐庐：浙江桐庐，地处富春江畔。
采桑子·桐庐舟中鉴赏
浙江桐庐，地处富春江畔。富春江上风景如画，历代骚人墨客咏叹不绝，南朝梁吴均就曾在《与朱元思书》中写他自富阳至桐庐一百许里“从流飘荡”所见之奇山异水，赞为“天下独绝”。本词作者也是泛舟于这段行程，其所见当与吴均略同。然而他对富春江上的绮丽风光似乎视而未见，没有着力于山川景物的描绘，即景抒情，而是捕捉舟里舟外某些寻常事物构成意境，抒发自己对人生的感受和追求，既有诗情又具理趣，不落前人窠臼。
词的上片写行舟江上。“浮家不畏风兼浪”，交代此次江上行舟的境与情——虽风急浪涌，然而“不畏”，以此境此情统摄上片。惟其“不畏”，故有“才罢炊烟，又袅茶烟”的雅兴。“才罢”、“又袅”是说用餐、品茗紧相承续，这颇富雅趣的生活细节，十分传神的表现了作者从容之态、闲雅之情，而舟中不绝如缕的炊烟和茶烟，又似是作者怡然自乐的心绪的外化，情趣盎然。“闲对沙鸥枕手眠”，进一层绘出作者行舟中的恬然豁达之状。所谓“闲对沙鸥”，即寄“闲情”于沙鸥，让“闲情”与沙鸥一同翱游冥冥长空，又在沙鸥翱翔中玩味自己的“闲情”，作者在情与物的回环往复的交流中，化我为物，化物为我，乃至枕手而眠，沉入忘情之境。然而这一切都发生在“风兼浪”中，在风流中见“闲情”，益见其情之“闲”了。
晋人陶渊明在《饮酒》诗中曾抒写过自己的超然物外的人生感受：“结庐在人境，而无车马喧，问君何能尔？心远地自偏。”本词作者于此抒写的“闲情”，其实就是身在风浪中，心远风浪外的情怀，与陶渊明的感受应是相通的。
下片写泊舟江边，“晚来人静禽鱼聚”点出泊舟的时间和情境，总领下片。“月上”承“晚来”，“缆系”承“人静”。天上的明月，地上的大江，江边的山岩，岩边的小舟和谐地共存于宁静的夜晚，这真是一幅层次井然的立体画，一支诱人遐想的小夜曲，在“风兼浪”尚且陶醉，“闲情”的作者，此时自然会融化于这静谧的画图和柔美的乐曲中，而与“山影松声共一船”了。进入此种境界便是“于相而离相”、“于念而无念”，是非荣辱，利害得失都化作云烟消散了，从而获得了最大的精神自由。
吴均泛舟富春江上，徜徉奇山异水之中，曾不自禁地发出“望峰息心、”窥谷忘反”的感慨，本词作者在这首小令里写风流中的闲情和静境中的解脱，无“望峰窥谷”之举，却有“息心忘反”之念，而在“山影松声共一船”的境界里化自我于自然，已不止于“息心忘反”了，所以作者对精神的自由，和谐的追求，有似于吴均，亦有胜于吴均。这种情趣和倾向与封建时代求名干禄，纷纷攘攘的社会现实是对立的，大有“宁为宇宙闲吟客，怕作乾坤窃禄人”之意。
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刘辰翁《
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彭孙贻《
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西河·金陵怀古次美成韵》
陶元藻简介
唐代·陶元藻的简介
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浙江会稽人，字龙溪，号篁村，晚号凫亭。乾隆时诸生。尝客两淮盐运使卢见曾处，诗文有盛名。归里后，于西湖筑泊鸥庄，以撰述自娱。嘉庆二年尚在世。著有《全浙诗话》、《凫亭诗话》、《越彦遗编考》、《越画见闻》等。
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