菩萨蛮·玉京人去秋萧索
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五代]：耿玉真
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玉京人去秋萧索，画檐鹊起梧桐落。欹枕悄无言，月和残梦圆。
背灯唯暗泣，甚处砧声急。眉黛远山攒，芭蕉生暮寒。
菩萨蛮·玉京人去秋萧索鉴赏
这是北宋初年广为流传的一首词，笔致工巧，深婉动人，尽极抒写一位温柔多情、敏感娴静女子之念思之情，陈廷焯评赞该词：“如怨如慕，极深款之致。”据阮阅《诗话总龟》等书记载：“南唐卢绛病痁（shān，疟疾），梦白衣美妇歌曰：‘玉京人去秋萧索’云云。”给这首词蒙上一层迷离恍惚的神秘色彩，世称为“鬼词”，可见人们对其喜爱之极。上阙首句“玉京人去秋萧索”，点明亲人远去京师，春去秋至而音信全无。“画檐鹊起梧桐落”，鹊起不顾，进一步暗示亲人一去杳然；庭院阒寂，怅然失望，梧桐叶坠之声亦清晰可闻，怀想之深，立见。“欹枕悄无言”，夜不安寐，欹枕无言，用动作表现心理，形象而又委曲。“月和清梦圆”，梦里依稀与亲人团聚。词人把梦中团聚与中天月圆巧妙地交织一起，“圆”语双关，圆而不圆，梦境与现实、月色与人事两相反衬，思念之情愈婉愈深。“背灯惟暗泣，甚处砧声急”，前后倒装。“甚处砧声急”，深夜里不知什么地方响起阵阵捣衣声，把人从朦胧的睡梦中惊醒。“甚处”表明砧声从很远处传来，时断时续，并不太响，也符合乍醒恍惚情态。这种响声亦把人惊醒，说明睡得不安稳，夜之冷清更甚，“急”未必实写砧声矣。“背灯惟暗泣”，梦断神伤状。眼前冷寂，梦中欢聚，两相衬照，益发伤神怅惘，岂不柔肠寸断、哀泣不止呀！一“暗”字，心中哭泣，为伤感之最。“眉黛远山攒”，接“背灯暗泣”，给伤心之极攒蹙秀眉一特写，更将满膺思念、一腔哀怨，无法释怀而凝结于眉间黛远。末句“芭蕉生暮寒”宕开，以景收束。“芭蕉生寒”凄冷之切，寒气直沁人心里，又不说破，辞婉情切，令人哀怨无端，为以景结情之妙笔。此词上下两阙各用两仄韵、两平韵，平仄传递，情调亦由紧促转为低沉，与词意的转进相谐和。结构上一句景，一句情，间或情景双写。在情与景的相映、相生、相融中，主人公的内心世界婉曲而深切地袒露出来。
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上一首：
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江淹《
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刘太尉琨伤乱》
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下一首：
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李白《
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扶风豪士歌》
耿玉真简介
唐代·耿玉真的简介
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南唐妇人。生卒年无考，入宋后，相传受刑处死。事见《南唐书》、《侯鲭录》。存词一首。
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招提湖北角，阅武便曾过。碧篆消新火，青松拿老柯。
客心惜颓废，僧意冀檀那。欲拟从其愿，民财虑费多。
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元代：
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淮王昔下江南城，万灶兵拥双霓旌。
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看一角高楼红晕。望断遥天，画栏偷凭。柳外长虹，艳魂早已化秋冷。
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