伤农
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唐代]：郑遨
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一粒红稻饭，几滴牛颔血。
珊瑚枝下人，衔杯吐不歇。
伤农译文及注释
译文
颗颗精细的红稻米饭啊，那是耕牛滴滴的血凝成。
贵族们吃喝玩乐赏珍宝，饮酒而吐出红米饭不停。
注释
伤：哀伤、悲悯之意。
红稻：指红色的稻米，为稻中的一种，亩产量低，较为珍贵、罕见。
颔：下巴颏。
珊瑚：海中的珊瑚虫的分泌物和石灰质骨骼形成的，像树枝状，多为红色，也有自色的，经加工成珍贵的装饰品，古代富贵人家常将它供于几案上，作赏玩的珍宝。
衔杯：饮酒。吐：吐出红米饭。
伤农鉴赏
诗人一生大部分时间都在隐居中度过，其诗亦多隐逸之风，这首《伤农》却是一篇富有社会意义的作品，对封建剥削阶级的奢侈浪费作了无情的揭露和批判。
此联描述了粮食的来之不易。“红稻”指红色的稻米，不仅清香好吃，且富营养，多供贵族、富豪之家食用。这里不用一碗，而用一粒，便含有农民一年四季春耕夏耘，秋收冬藏，才有人们碗中之餐，粮食得来粒粒都含着辛苦之意，用词着意甚深。“牛颔血”，牛在耕田时下巴被套绳磨出血来，突出了劳动的艰苦，然而牛既如此人更不堪，诗人借牛颔血烘托了劳动人民耕种的辛苦，每一粒粮食都是用劳动人民的血汗换来的，和李绅的《悯农》：“锄禾日当午，汗滴禾下土，谁知盘中餐，粒粒皆辛苦。”很是相像。凡是有良心的人都应该珍惜劳动人民用鲜血和汗水换来的劳动成果，这是两位诗人写作这类题材的诗之共同宗旨。然而现实生活中并不是这样，那些不劳而获、不知稼穑的腐朽奢糜之徒是从来都不懂、也不屑去珍惜这些来之不易的劳动成果的。
“珊瑚枝下人，衔杯吐不歇”，此联描绘了富贵豪门家的奢侈与浪费。“珊瑚”，珊瑚枝，因它色彩艳丽，且采摘不易，所以它便显得十分名贵，是官宦贵戚家室内部装饰摆设珍品，由此可知，诗中“珊瑚枝下人”指的便是大富大贵人家的男男女女了，他们终日极尽奢华。下句中的“衔杯吐不歇”便是动劳人民辛辛苦苦种出的红米做成的饭，被他们在纵酒行乐时如同废物一般吐了出来。
白描的手法与鲜明的对比是诗人采用的艺术手法；语言朴素、形式短小，含义深刻是这首诗的特点。这首诗与李绅的《悯农二首》相比，诗意接近，虽不及李诗影响大，但对农民的疾苦是深切同情，对不劳而获的豪富贵族是深表愤怒的。整首诗朴实、直率地写出悲愤交加的感情，有很强的感染力。
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李白《
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古风其五十五》
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下一首：
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郑遨《
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伤农》
郑遨简介
唐代·郑遨的简介
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郑遨（866-939），字云叟，唐代诗人，滑州白马（河南滑县）人。传他“少好学，敏于文辞”，是“嫉世远去”之人，有“高士”、“逍遥先生”之称。
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