边城独望
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唐代]：马戴
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聊凭危堞望，暗起异乡情。
霜落蒹葭白，山昏雾露生。
河滩胡雁下，戎垒汉鼙惊。
独树残秋色，狂歌泪满缨。
边城独望鉴赏
初秋时节，诗人独自凭倚着高高城楼的堞墙，眺望塞外风光，不由自主萌发了一股独客异乡的感情。
诗人马戴，曾从军大同军幕，独在异乡，面对荒凉的塞外，翻腾着感情波澜，这是十分自然的。全诗似乎是前后两联抒情，中间两联写景，但细细读来四联诗又浑然一体，情景互生。
“聊凭”、“暗起”这两句诗把读者带进了诗人复杂的内心世界里去。诗人面对当前处境，既无可奈何，又无法排遣心中的郁闷。这样，就从诗人的内心开始展现诗人的自我形象。
颔联、颈联承首联之“望”，写望中所见；也承首联“异乡情”，写出了“异乡情”暗起的环境。严霜凝结，蒹葭一片惨白，使人感受到一阵寒意；远山昏暗，雾霭在山林中升腾而起，弥漫于山峦峰壑。这是一幅远景，画面中突出了萧索的气氛。紧接着，诗人又呈现一幅近景。胡天的雁群垂下了翅膀，落在荒凉的河滩上；一阵阵动人心魄的鼙鼓之声，从军营里传出。这幅近景，加强了全诗画面凄冷萧瑟的悲凉之感。诗人望中所见，是如此萧条、冷落，又具有鲜明的异乡情调，自然会引起万千思绪，回应了异乡情暗起的缘由。诗人选取了富有特色、富有感情色彩的意象来构成望中所见的境界，引发了读者无限的情思。
诗人的情绪也随着所写步步激荡。末联里“独”树，“残”“秋色”，层层递进，把诗人的情绪“逼”向了高潮。在孤零零的一棵树上，几片黄叶残留枝头，萧瑟的秋色、萧飒的秋风之中，诗人在树下徬徨，继而狂歌、号泣，泪水如雨，洒落衣襟。这样，诗人就完成了对自我形象的刻画。
从独自一人无可奈何地在城楼凭堞而望，到眼前凄清、悲凉的秋景，到情绪的爆发而狂歌号泣，从叙述、描绘到抒情，从外在动作形态，进入到情绪的深处，很有层次感地完成了诗人自我形象的刻画。这一形象的塑造，动作性鲜明，感情浓烈，可谓形神兼备，给人留下极深刻的印象。严羽《沧浪诗话》曾说：“马戴在晚唐诸人之上。”在某方面说来，这一评价是有一定依据的。
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晁补之《
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临江仙·绿暗汀洲三月暮》
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李中《
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钟陵禁烟寄从弟》
马戴简介
唐代·马戴的简介
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马戴（799—869），字虞臣，唐定州曲阳（今江苏省东海县）人。晚唐时期著名诗人。
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柳欲眠还醒，花犹染不成。燕归多日了，犹自未闻莺。
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慷慨凤德衰，当已胡弗已。晏岁草木蕃，吾道亦云否。
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