沉醉东风·维扬怀古
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元代]：汤舜民
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锦帆落天涯那答，玉箫寒、江上谁家？空楼月惨凄，古殿风萧飒。梦儿中一度繁华，满耳涛声起暮笳，再不见看花驻马。
沉醉东风·维扬怀古鉴赏
这是一首元代的散曲，属于小令，作者不详。“沉醉东风”是曲牌名；“维扬怀古”是曲子的标题，“维扬”，古地名，今江苏扬州。“怀古”，忆古思今，奠定全曲伤感的基调。首句“锦帆落天涯那答”化用唐代诗人李商隐的诗句“锦帆应是到天涯”，“锦帆”，借代的手法，代指皇帝华丽的游船；“那答”，那边。意思是说：皇帝的游船已经到了天涯那边，旧的王朝已经灭亡了。紧承标题中的“怀古”二字。
次句“玉箫寒、江上谁家？”声声悲怆的箫声从江上传来，凄神寒骨，透彻心扉，究竟是何人吹奏的如此令人销魂的曲子呢？一“寒”字，一语双关，不仅道出了曲声之悲，同时运用通感的手法，巧妙地传达出诗人听到箫声后的悲凉心情，可谓“传神且意蕴丰富”。
“空楼月惨凄，古殿风萧飒。”诗人寻声望去：惨淡的月光下，萧瑟的冷风中，楼阁台榭空荡荡的，殿堂屋宇残败破落，一派萧条。姜白石亦曾道“废池乔木，犹厌言兵”、“清角吹寒，都在空城”、“波心荡，冷月无声”，不同时代的诗人道出了相同的感受！
心中的维扬古城，梦中的秦淮河畔，诗人不禁伤今怀古“梦儿中一度繁华，满耳涛声起暮笳，再不见看花驻马。”“一度繁华”的扬州，淮左名都，竹西佳处，春风十里扬州路，娉娉袅袅，豆蔻梢头，画船箫鼓，青楼梦好：好一派歌舞升平、繁华锦绣；却而今，满耳涛声依旧，暮茄凄凄，玉人箫声何处在，再不能驻马桥边，赏红药看画船！
梦中的扬州，眼前的维扬，虚虚实实，相互掩映，诗人心中更添无限酸楚，昔盛今衰，万千感慨！
这首小令采用对比的手法，着重表现维扬今昔的不同，今日的维扬萧条破败，冷冷清清；昔日的维扬箫鼓歌吹，兴盛繁华。全曲抒发了作者对沧桑兴替、物是人非的伤感之情。
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上一首：
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赵善庆《
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凭栏人·春日怀古》
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下一首：
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张祜《
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隋堤怀古》
汤舜民简介
唐代·汤舜民的简介
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汤舜民，元末明初戏曲作家，号菊庄，字、生卒年、生平事迹均不详，象山（今属浙江）人。补本县吏，非其志也。后落魄江湖间。好滑稽，与贾仲明交久而不衰。文皇帝在燕邸时，宠遇甚厚，永乐间恩赍常及。所作乐府、套数、小令极多，语皆工巧，江湖盛传之。所撰杂剧2种：《瑞仙亭》、《娇红记》，惜已佚。朱权《太和正音谱》评其词曲格势，喻如“锦屏春风”。
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