月上海棠·斜阳废苑朱门闭
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宋代]：陆游
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成都城南有蜀王旧苑，尤多梅，皆二百余年古木。
斜阳废苑朱门闭，吊兴亡、遗恨泪痕里。淡淡宫梅，也依然、点酥剪水。凝愁处，似忆宣华旧事。
行人别有凄凉意，折幽香、谁与寄千里。伫立江皋，杳难逢、陇头归骑。音尘远，楚天危楼独倚。
月上海棠·斜阳废苑朱门闭译文及注释
译文
夕阳西下，旧苑大门紧闭。追念以往的兴旺与衰败，只留下一眼泪痕。淡淡梅花，依旧如初，衬出水中凄凉。凝固在哀愁之处，好似在回忆宣化旧事。
路过来往行人别有一番凄凉的意味。折下花香，谁又将它寄到千里之外？独自站在江边，自知难相逢，回头骑马远去。马蹄声远去，只留下这楼独自倚靠。
注释
月上海棠：词牌名。此调有两体，七十字者，见《梅苑》无名氏词，又名《玉关遥》；九十一字者，见姜夔《白石词》，又名《月上海棠慢》。
蜀王旧苑：名合江园，在成都西南十五六里处。是五代蜀王赏梅消闲的别苑。据宋人记载，园中芳华楼前后种梅极多。
点酥：喻梅花素雅娇美的花瓣。语本苏轼《腊梅一首赠赵景贶》诗：“天公点酥作梅花。”
剪水：轻轻拂拭水面。
宣华：指成都宣华苑，为五代蜀王的宫苑。
江皋（gāo）：江岸边。
陇头：陇山之头。代指陕西、甘肃一带。
楚天：古时长江中下游一带属楚，故用以泛指南方的天空。
参考资料：
1、刘扬忠注评．陆游诗词选评：三秦出版社，2008.2：第244页
月上海棠·斜阳废苑朱门闭创作背景
这首词是陆游于淳熙二年至五年（1175—1178）间在成都蜀王旧苑所作。
参考资料：
1、吴熊和主编．唐宋词汇评 两宋卷 第3册：浙江教育出版社，2004.12：第2050页
月上海棠·斜阳废苑朱门闭鉴赏
上半阕因面对五代时蜀旧故宫而生兴亡之叹，起句之“斜阳废苑”顿时传达出一种繁华褪尽后的凄凉，面对这样的环境，感慨兴亡往往是人最直接的反应。而见证这废苑过往之繁华的梅花，如今依然淡淡开放，风姿如常。一句依然，道出自然恒常与人事无常这一令人无限感慨的现实。然而这一直开放的梅花并非无情，她虽一如既往淡淡开放于这蜀宫废苑，却依依愁悴，似在悲叹蜀宫那逝去的繁华。如果说上半阕面对蜀宫而生的兴亡之感犹是一般意义上的感叹，那么下半阕则是因现实而生发的更为沉重无奈的悲慨。
下半阕主要是由梅联想而及南朝陆凯《寄范晔》一诗：“折梅逢驿使，寄与陇头人。江南无所有，聊寄一枝春。”又因此诗中的“陇头”而联想到现实中已被金人占领的北方，“江南无所有，聊寄一枝春”本因其风雅而流传千古，后人用此典故也多用于怀人念远，但陆游这里用这首诗，却是为了与现实形成对比，表达的是面对中原沦陷的沉痛之情。行人之“别有凄凉意”者，别于上阕中的梅花为五代蜀国的灭亡而感慨，亦别于陆凯的知己分离。当年陆凯在江南折梅而逢驿使，可以就此寄给身在北方陇头的范晔，而如今自己如陆凯一样手捧散发着幽香的梅花，却没有人能够替我带到千里之外的北方，因那里如今已为金人所占。空间上的距离，即便是千里之外，仍是可以克服的，而如今词人面对的是九州陆沉这一更加残酷的现实，纵使他久久地“伫立汀皋”，又怎会有归骑来自那已沦为敌国领土的“陇头”所以，词人只能登上高楼，独自倚望，独自生愁。
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张孝祥《
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临江仙·试问梅花何处好》
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陆游《
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朝中措·代谭德称作》
陆游简介
唐代·陆游的简介
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陆游（1125—1210），字务观，号放翁。汉族，越州山阴（今浙江绍兴）人，南宋著名诗人。少时受家庭爱国思想熏陶，高宗时应礼部试，为秦桧所黜。孝宗时赐进士出身。中年入蜀，投身军旅生活，官至宝章阁待制。晚年退居家乡。创作诗歌今存九千多首，内容极为丰富。著有《剑南诗稿》、《渭南文集》、《南唐书》、《老学庵笔记》等。
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