醉蓬莱
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宋代]：黄庭坚
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对朝云叆叇，暮雨霏微，乱峰相倚。巫峡高唐，锁楚宫朱翠。画戟移春，靓妆迎马，向一川都会。万里投荒，一身吊影，成何欢意。
尽道黔南，去天尺五，望极神州，万重烟水。樽酒公堂，有中朝佳士。荔颊红深，麝脐香满，醉舞裀歌袂。杜宇声声，催人到晓，不如归是。
醉蓬莱译文及注释
译文
朝云暮雨，烟雾氤氲，微露云端的乱峰互相偎依。站在巫山县城楼上，遥望楚阳台，想象楚襄王梦与神女相会的情景。春光明媚之中，宫府的仪仗队行进，盛装艳服之人迎接着马队，迤逦向城中走去。被贬谪放逐到偏荒之地，对影自怜，有什么值得高兴的。
到达黔州之后，山愈高，势愈险，而距中原更远，隔断了眺望京城的视线，但乡愁却越过千山万水飞向神州。有贬谪之地的地方官摆酒接风、欢宴公堂。醉舞欢腾，满堂香气，声歌盈室，美人容颜娇艳，香气氤氲馥郁。听着那杜鹃一声一声地到天明，直唤着“不如归去”。
注释
醉蓬莱：词牌名。双调九十七字，前段十一句四仄韵，后段十二句四仄韵。另有双调九十七字，前后段各十一句、四仄韵变体。
瑗叇（ài dài）：云气浓重之貌。宋玉《高唐赋》记楚王昼寝高唐，梦见神女说：“妾在巫山之阴，高丘之阻，旦为朝云，暮为行雨。”
高唐：战国时楚王在云梦泽中所建的高台。
朱翠：朱颜翠发，本是形容女子的美貌，这里代指美女。
画戟：涂画彩饰的戟，是古代的仪仗用物。
靓（Iiàng）妆：指盛装华服的女子。
都会：指州治所在。
投荒：贬谪放逐到偏荒之地。
吊影：对影自怜，形容孤独，唯影相伴。
去天尺五：以距天之近而言地势之高。
神州：指京城。
中朝：朝中。
舞裀（yīn）：舞衣。
杜宇：即杜鹃。传说古蜀帝杜宇，死后化为杜鹃鸟。
不如归是：相传杜宇死后思念故乡，化为杜鹃，啼叫着“不如归去”，声音悲苦。
参考资料：
1、蒋方．黄庭坚集：凤凰出版社，2014年：第227—230页
醉蓬莱创作背景
绍圣二年（1095年），山谷被指控为撰修《神宗实录》失实多诬，贬为涪州别驾黔州安置，此词当是他赴黔途中经过夔州巫山县时所作。
参考资料：
1、夏承焘等．宋词鉴赏辞典 上：上海辞典书出版社，2013年：第514页
醉蓬莱鉴赏
此词当是作者赴黔途中经过夔州巫山县时所作。词通过乐与悲的多层次对比烘托，突现出他贬谪途中去国怀乡的忧闷之情。
词的开头以“对”字直领以下三句，描绘出一幅烟雨凄迷的峡江图：有时云蒸霞蔚，有时微雨蒙蒙，云雨迷离之中，只见错落攒立的群峰互相依傍。这里既是肖妙的写景，又是贴切的用典，“朝云”、“暮雨”镶嵌于句中，化而不露，“乱峰”则指巫山群峰，其中神女峰尤为峭丽，相传即为神女的化身。这样便营造出一个惝恍迷离、凄清悠远的境界。这种意境与他去国怀乡的怅惘心情是十分协调的。如以“叆叇”状云，表现云气浓重，更有日色昏暗之意。又如以“乱”字表现群峰的攒拥交叠，暗示他遭贬后神乱意迷的心境。“巫峡高唐，锁楚宫朱翠”，是由神话生发出来的联想。“朱翠”指女子的朱颜翠发，代指美人。一个“锁”字不也隐约透露出自叹身世的感慨。这里感情的流露是含蓄深婉的，词人只是创造一种情绪和氛围，给人以感染。
接着作者笔锋一转，描绘出一幅热闹的仪仗图。春光明媚之中，官府的仪仗队行进，盛妆艳服之人迎接着马队，迤逦向城中行去。“画戟”是加上彩饰的戟，用于仪仗队。“靓妆”，粉黛妆饰，这里大约指歌姬舞女之类。面对如此盛况，作者的内心却是一片悲凉。“万里投荒，一身吊影，成何欢意！”与开头呼应，一腔忧闷喷涌而出。
下片开头四句承上片最后一层意思而加以生发。作者巧妙地越过眼前的情景，而设想贬谪之地的望乡之苦，这是用未来的乡愁反过来烘托现实的离情。“去天尺五”极言黔南地势之高，旧有“城南韦、杜，去天尺五”的谚语，此处借来形容山高摩天。尽管这样的高处，但是眺望神州，还是隔着千山万水。那乡愁就象那万重烟水，一直延伸到天地的尽头，绵绵不绝。“神州”指中原，这里意同“神京”。古代的逐臣常通过回望京城来表达其哀怨之情。
“樽酒”五句是一个大的转折，展现了地方官为作者摆酒接风，欢宴公堂的热烈景象。为了渲染欢快的气氛，这里用了一些色彩富丽的词，如用“荔颊红深”形容美人容颜的娇艳之色，用“麝脐香满”描写香气的氤氲馥郁。轻歌曼舞，醉意朦胧，场面越是写得热烈，越能反衬出山谷心头的悲凉孤寂。置身于高堂华宴，面对着主宾的觥筹交错，作者独品苦味，唯有那杜鹃“不如归去”的声声啼鸣陪伴着他通宵达旦。
这首词上下两片都分三个层次，先写悲情，然后折入欢快场景的描写，最后又转入悲情的抒发，而上下两片又写法各异，不使雷同。为了构成鲜明的对比，写悲与乐所用词语的色彩反差也很大。写悲情则朴素自然，近乎口语，以直抒胸臆。描乐景富丽浓郁，风华典雅，着力于铺陈。正所谓“以乐景写哀，以哀景写乐，一倍增其哀乐”。
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关汉卿《
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一枝花·杭州景》
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李白《
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与夏十二登岳阳楼》
黄庭坚简介
唐代·黄庭坚的简介
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黄庭坚（1045.8.9-1105.5.24），字鲁直，号山谷道人，晚号涪翁，洪州分宁（今江西省九江市修水县）人，北宋著名文学家、书法家，为盛极一时的江西诗派开山之祖，与杜甫、陈师道和陈与义素有“一祖三宗”（黄庭坚为其中一宗）之称。与张耒、晁补之、秦观都游学于苏轼门下，合称为“苏门四学士”。生前与苏轼齐名，世称“苏黄”。著有《山谷词》，且黄庭坚书法亦能独树一格，为“宋四家”之一。
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近现代：
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袁荣法
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四合烽烟，更无閒地悲离黍。旧家池馆闭东风，呜咽淮流语。
海上红桑万亩。驾楼台、珠尘绣雾。吟壶一粟。戢影繁华，崚扃门户。
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读史有感
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：
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朱帆
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依然天子共朝臣，青史何须辨伪真。不向深山驱虎豹，焉能高阁画骐麟。
屠鹰烹狗非徒汉，焚籍坑儒岂独秦。千古休提尧舜事，君王若个不愚民。