山居秋暝
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唐代]：王维
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随意春芳歇，王孙自可留。
山居秋暝译文及注释
译文
空旷的群山沐浴了一场新雨，夜晚降临，空气凉爽，仿佛已经到了秋天。
皎皎明月从松隙间洒下清光，清清泉水在山石上淙淙淌流。
竹林喧响知是洗衣姑娘归来，莲叶轻摇想是上游荡下轻舟。
春日的芳菲不妨任随它消歇，秋天的山中王孙自可以久留。
注释
暝（míng）：日落，天色将晚。
空山：空旷，空寂的山野。新：刚刚。
清泉石上流：写的正是雨后的景色。
竹喧：竹林中笑语喧哗。喧：喧哗，这里指竹叶发出沙沙声响。浣（huàn）女：洗衣服的姑娘。浣：洗涤衣物。
随意：任凭。春芳：春天的花草。歇：消散，消失。
王孙：原指贵族子弟，后来也泛指隐居的人。留：居。
参考资料：
1、古代汉语字典编委会．古代汉语字典．北京：商务印书馆，2005：312、541、881
2、于海娣 等．唐诗鉴赏大全集．北京：中国华侨出版社，2010：90
3、邓安生 等．王维诗选译．成都：巴蜀书社，1990：113-114
4、蘅塘退士 等．唐诗三百首·宋词三百首·元曲三百首．北京：华文出版社，2009：114
5、中职文化课提高读本编写组．文言诗文助读．长春：吉林摄影出版社，2011：109
山居秋暝创作背景
这首诗写初秋时节山居所见雨后黄昏的景色，当是王维隐居终南山下辋川别业（别墅）时所作。
参考资料：
1、张国举．唐诗精华注译评．长春：长春出版社，2010：108-109
山居秋暝鉴赏
这首诗为山水名篇，于诗情画意之中寄托着诗人高洁的情怀和对理想境界的追求。
“空山新雨后，天气晚来秋。”诗中明确写有浣女渔舟，诗人怎下笔说是“空山”呢？原来山中树木繁茂，掩盖了人们活动的痕迹，正所谓“空山不见人，但闻人语响”（《鹿柴》）。由于这里人迹罕至，“峡里谁知有人来，世中遥望空云山”（《桃源行》）；自然不知山中有人来了。“空山”两字点出此外有如世外桃源，山雨初霁，万物为之一新，又是初秋的傍晚，空气之清新，景色之美妙，可以想见。
“明月松间照，清泉石上流。”天色已暝，却有皓月当空；群芳已谢，却有青松如盖。山泉清冽，淙淙流泻于山石之上，有如一条洁白无瑕的素练，在月光下闪闪发光，多么幽清明净的自然美啊！王维的《济上四贤咏》曾经赞叹两位贤士的高尚情操，谓其"息阴无恶木，饮水必清源”。诗人自己也是这种心志高洁的人，他曾说:”宁息野树林，宁饮涧水流，不用坐梁肉，崎岖见王侯。”（《献始兴公》）这月下青松和石上清泉，不正是他所追求的理想境界吗？这两句写景如画，随意洒脱，毫不着力。像这样又动人又自然的写景，达到了艺术上炉火纯青的地步，非一般人所能学到。 “竹喧归浣女，莲动下渔舟。”竹林里传来了一阵阵的歌声笑语，那是一些天真无邪的姑娘们洗罢衣服笑逐着归来了；亭亭玉立的荷叶纷纷向两旁披分，掀翻了无数珍珠般晶莹的水珠，那是顺流而下的渔舟划破了荷塘月色的宁静。在这青松明月之下，在这翠竹青莲之中，生活着这样一群无忧无虑、勤劳善良的人们。这纯洁美好的生活图景，反映了诗人过安静纯朴生活的理想，同时也从反面衬托出他对污浊官场的厌恶。这两句写的很有技巧，而用笔不露痕迹，使人不觉其巧。诗人先写"竹喧""莲动"，因为浣女隐在竹林之中，渔舟被莲叶遮蔽，起初未见，等到听到竹林喧声，看到莲叶纷披，才发现浣女、莲舟。这样写更富有真情实感，更富有诗意。
诗的中间两联同是写景，而各有侧重。颔联侧重写物，以物芳而明志洁；颈联侧重写人，以人和而望政通。同时，二者又互为补充，泉水、青松、翠竹、青莲，可以说都是诗人高尚情操的写照，都是诗人理想境界的环境烘托。
既然诗人是那样地高洁，而他在那貌似“空山”之中又找到了一个称心的世外桃源，所以就情不自禁地说：“随意春芳歇，王孙自可留！”本来，《楚辞·招隐士》说：“王孙兮归来，山中兮不可久留！”诗人的体会恰好相反，他觉得“山中”比“朝中”好，洁净纯朴，可以远离官场而洁身自好，所以就决然归隐了。
这首诗一个重要的艺术手法，是以自然美来表现诗人的人格美和一种理想中的社会之美。表面看来，这首诗只是用“赋”的方法模山范水，对景物作细致感人的刻画，实际上通篇都是比兴。诗人通过对山水的描绘寄慨言志，含蕴丰富，耐人寻味。
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上一首：
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常建《
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宿王昌龄隐居》
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杜甫《
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登岳阳楼》
王维简介
唐代·王维的简介
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王维（701年－761年，一说699年—761年），字摩诘，汉族，河东蒲州（今山西运城）人，祖籍山西祁县，唐朝诗人，有“诗佛”之称。苏轼评价其：“味摩诘之诗，诗中有画；观摩诘之画，画中有诗。”开元九年（721年）中进士，任太乐丞。王维是盛唐诗人的代表，今存诗400余首，重要诗作有《相思》《山居秋暝》等。王维精通佛学，受禅宗影响很大。佛教有一部《维摩诘经》，是王维名和字的由来。王维诗书画都很有名，非常多才多艺，音乐也很精通。与孟浩然合称“王孟”。
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明代：
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王淑姑诗
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清代：
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姚燮
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月在中，井水明，匪井水之明，姑之心。今日为王氏姑，明日为李家妇。
茑萝系乔枝，同心誓相守。金镮双威甤，母欲夺之。