紫薇花
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唐代]：杜牧
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桃李无言又何在，向风偏笑艳阳人。
紫薇花译文及注释
译文
一支初绽的紫薇在在秋露里迎接晨光，而不是在早春与群芳争奇斗艳。
无言的桃李又在何处，只有紫薇花笑看那些只能在春日艳阳里开的花。
注释
上春：早春。
艳阳人：指在艳阳春天里开的花。
桃李无言：意谓桃李不说话，不夸耀自己，而人们都来欣赏他们，在桃李树下，走出了一条条小路。
紫薇花创作背景
经历了从唐宪宗至唐宣宗六朝的杜牧，曾任中书舍人，因被称为“紫薇舍人杜紫薇”。当时正处于牛李党争激烈的时期，诗人置于复杂斗争纠纷中，不趋炎附势，独守刚直节操，恰似紫薇花，故此篇咏紫薇花似乎也不尽出于单纯的玩赏。
参考资料：
1、马玮．中国古典诗词名家菁华赏析·杜牧：商务印书馆国际有限公司，2014：172-174
2、刘锬．咏花古诗欣赏：语文出版社，1999：119
3、王文金．咏花古诗百首：海燕出版社，1990：39
紫薇花鉴赏
紫薇夏季开花，开谢相续，花期长达三、四月之久。杜牧这首诗即围绕紫薇花花期长的特点着笔，赞美紫薇花不争春的谦逊品格。
“晓迎秋露一枝新”，首句写紫薇花开花季节时令。秋天的早晨，紫薇花迎着秋天的寒露开出一枝枝新鲜的花朵。一个“迎”字，赋予紫薇花以人的精神，它不怕秋寒，迎着寒露开放，为人间装点秋天的景色。“不占园中最上春”，春天时节，百花盛开，争奇斗艳，而紫薇花不与百花争春，它夏季开花，一直开到秋末。诗人在这里赞美紫薇花不与百花争春的谦逊品格。
“桃李无言又何在？向风偏笑艳阳人。”诗人此处用《史记》“桃李不言”典故，以桃李反衬紫薇花。桃李不言，虽然表现了他们的谦逊，然而他们毕竟也和百花一起争着在春天开放。现在秋天到了，秋风萧瑟，无言的桃花、李花，不知今在何处，只有紫薇花向着寒冷的秋风，笑对那些争着在艳阳春天开放的花朵了。诗人寄情于物，在赞美紫薇花的谦逊品格时，也赞美了具有谦逊美德的人。
诗人虽写紫薇但在此诗中一字不提紫薇，使读者在惊奇之中，享受到紫薇的美丽的质感。充分感觉到紫薇不与群花争春，淡雅高洁的风骨和一枝独秀的品格。所谓“反常”必须以“合道”为前题，方能构成奇趣。这首被人们誉为咏紫薇诗中的佳作，由于设想入奇，扩大了诗的张力和戏剧效果，使人玩味不已。
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林逋《
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咏秋江》
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吴文英《
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风流子·黄钟商芍药》
杜牧简介
唐代·杜牧的简介
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杜牧（公元803－约852年），字牧之，号樊川居士，汉族，京兆万年（今陕西西安）人，唐代诗人。杜牧人称“小杜”，以别于杜甫。与李商隐并称“小李杜”。因晚年居长安南樊川别墅，故后世称“杜樊川”，著有《樊川文集》。
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