咏史
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南北朝]：鲍照
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五都矜财雄，三川养声利。
百金不市死，明经有高位。
京城十二衢，飞甍各鳞次。
仕子彯华缨，游客竦轻辔。
明星晨未晞，轩盖已云至。
宾御纷飒沓，鞍马光照地。
寒暑在一时，繁华及春媚。
君平独寂寞，身世两相弃。
咏史译文及注释
译文
五大都市，自夸财富雄厚，三川一带，热衷于名利追逐。
有钱的富豪，可以不受法律的制裁，明经的士人，能够得到高官厚禄。
京城里，大路四通八达，高耸韵屋脊，像鱼鳞一样密布。
做官的，华美的帽缨随风飘动，闲游的，骑着快马在城中漫步。
凌晨时分，天上依旧繁星闪烁，官宦们的车驾，已如风云般涌入。
宾客与仆从，随之纷至沓来，黑乎乎的土地上映照着鞍马的光芒闪闪。
寒来暑往，似乎只是一瞬，百花纷纷争艳，只趁春光明媚之时。
唯独严君平，甘于寂寞不慕荣利，俗世不用他，他也不求入仕。
注释
五都：西汉时以洛阳、邯郸、临淄、宛、成都为五都。
矜（jīn）：自夸。
三川：秦郡名，治荥阳（今河南省荥阳县西南），其地有河、洛、伊三水，所以称三川。
养声利：追求名利。
不市死：不死于市中。
衢（qú）：大道。
飞甍（méng）：高耸的屋脊。
鳞次：像鱼鳞一样密布。
彯（piāo）：长带摆动的样子。
竦（sǒng）：执。
轻辔（pèi）：是指善跑的马。辔，辔头，御马索。
轩盖：带篷盖的车，达官贵人所乘。
云至：云涌而来，极言其多。
宾御：宾客和侍者。
飒沓（sà tà）：众多的样子。
一时：一时间，刹时。
君平：汉代蜀人严遵，字君平。他在成都以占卜为生，每日得百钱则闭门下帘读《老子》，一生不求仕进。
参考资料：
1、穆德编著．读点经典：中国华侨出版社，2013.09：378
2、赵沛霖著．历代诗文名著新选 八代三朝诗新选：湖北教育出版社，2007年07月：369
3、刘心明译注．谢灵运鲍诗选译：巴蜀书社，1991年10月：167
咏史创作背景
这首诗作于太始二年（466年），宋孝武帝刘骏死后，世人矜财货、重名利，与坚守寂寞、与世相弃的君平形成强烈的对比，益发显示了世风的奢华、腐朽。作者为了表达对于官僚贵族的强烈憎恶，以及自身对耿直高洁品格的坚守，于是创作了这首诗。
参考资料：
1、赵沛霖著．历代诗文名著新选 八代三朝诗新选：湖北教育出版社，2007年07月：369
咏史鉴赏
诗人起笔便尖锐地指出，五都的人以财产雄厚而自尊自大，三川的人好追逐名利。诗人谴责的，不仅仅是五都和三川的人，他谴责的还有高门世族和达官贵人。接下来，这种谴责进一步深入：在门阀制度盛行的时代，无疑给他造成沉重的压抑之感。使得自己的抱负无法实现，因而内心充满了孤独与苦闷。
下面八句，对于靠明经而出仕、怀巨金而来游的仕子游客的生活，进行了细致的描写：大意是：京城里大路四通八达，高屋似鱼鳞一般密布。做官的帽子上摆动着华美的长缨，游者骑着快马来到京城。在明星未稀的清早，官宦们的车子已云涌而至，色彩斑斓，光照大地。诗人抓住这些具有典型性质的场面，用夸张铺陈的手法，极尽渲染描绘之能事，显示了京城的繁华奢靡和游乐之风的盛行。
紧接着，诗的笔锋一转：寒暑的变化快，因此，如今的繁华兴盛、春光明媚也只是暂时的，散热曲折地透露出寄希望于未来的心绪。
唯有严君平不慕荣利，弃绝世俗，甘于寂寞。世不用他，他亦不去求仕进。在成都卖卜为生，每日得百钱则闭门下帘读《老子》，一生不求功名。诗人赞扬贫贱不移的严君平，又不乏自身的身世感慨，借此表达了对仕途不介于心的高旷胸怀和豁达的精神。
这首诗在艺术上是高明的。首先，诗的语言华美而生动。诗中运用“飞甍”、“华缨”、“轻辔”等偏正词组形容达官贵人们的房屋、服饰、马匹，形象鲜明地显露出它们的奢华，用“鳞次”来描绘高屋密布，用“云至”来形容官宦们的车子纷纷而来，其多如云。准确的语言、生动的比喻，使诗句显示出华贵的色彩，将统治阶级醉死梦生的生活暴露无遗。
其次，构思超越凡俗，详略描写恰到好处。诗的大部分极力铺叙渲染京城的豪华与奢侈，只用最后二句写君平的生活，便足以衬托出君平的的寂寞。矜财逐利和安贫乐道的鲜明对照，产生强烈的艺术效果。
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许浑《
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汴河亭》
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李商隐《
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岳阳楼》
鲍照简介
唐代·鲍照的简介
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鲍照（约415年～466年）南朝宋文学家，与颜延之、谢灵运合称“元嘉三大家”。字明远，汉族，祖籍东海（治所在今山东郯城西南，辖区包括今江苏涟水，久居建康（今南京）。家世贫贱，临海王刘子顼镇荆州时，任前军参军。刘子顼作乱，照为乱兵所杀。他长于乐府诗，其七言诗对唐代诗歌的发展起了很重要的作用。有《鲍参军集》。
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南北朝：
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