雪中闻墙外鬻鱼菜者求售之声甚苦有感
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宋代]：范成大
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岂是不能扃户坐，忍寒犹可忍饥难。
劳汝以生令至此，悠悠大块果何心。
雪中闻墙外鬻鱼菜者求售之声甚苦有感鉴赏
这组诗描述了这样的情景：皑皑雪中，寒风凛冽，行人稀少，只见一位衣服褴褛的卖菜老人，伛偻着身子，挑着箩筐，踏着冰雪，走门串户，嘶哑的叫卖声，颤颤悠悠，回荡在大街小巷。这是一幅“雪中叫卖图”。
“携箩驱出敢偷闲”，首句发问，一“敢”字道出卖菜老翁的无可奈何。二句对不敢偷闲的原因未作回答，而直写“雪胫冰须惯忍寒”。雪胫，指被埋于雪中的小腿；冰须，结着冰的胡须。前者极写雪之深，后者极写天之寒。而一“惯”字把卖菜老翁饱经风霜的形象刻画得淋漓尽致。无论雪再大，天再寒，卖菜老翁总是要挑着箩筐，走街穿巷，日复一日，年复一年，饱尝了生活的艰辛。卖菜老翁天生并不是这样一副苦命，当然他也想坐在温暖的屋里和亲友围炉畅叙。三句再问，四句不作正面回答，而用“忍寒”、“忍饥”作比较，一个“犹可”，一个“难”，个中原委，无需多说，读者自可品味。对于一般人来说，忍寒、忍饥都是难事。但对于卖菜老翁来说，寒冷已经算不了什么，可饥饿实在难熬。可见他过的是怎样一种饥寒交迫的生活！
卖菜老翁的叫卖声多么凄厉，简直和受冻的雀儿、挨饿的乌鸦的叫声没有什么两样，叫声之苦，让人不堪去听。苦苦地叫卖，为的是多卖出一些鱼菜。一升一斗的粮食在他看来，就和一千金那么难得，也许冻饿了一天的妻子儿女在盼着他换些粮食回家开锅呢。对于关心民生疾苦的范成大来说，听到这凄苦的叫卖声，是不会无动于衷的。因此，诗人感慨万分，愤愤问天：“悠悠大块果何心？”大块，指大自然。《庄子。大宗师》：“夫大块载我以形，劳我以生，佚我以老，息我以死。”意思是说，大自然负载着我的形体，它用生命使我劳苦，用老年使我闲适安佚，用死使我安息。这里仅用此意，是说，生活竟然使人劳苦到如此地步，悠悠苍天啊，你到底安着什么心呢？这里是同情，是怜悯，更是控诉。一个封建士大夫文人能够为挣扎在死亡线上的贫穷人民鸣不平，实在难能可贵。
范成大29岁中进士，历任徽州司户参军、吏部员外郎等职，官至参知政事。官位不浅，但他关心社会现实，同情人民苦难，留下相当多诗篇。如六十首《四时田园杂兴》、《咏河市歌者》以及这两首绝句，反映了封建社会下层人民的苦难生活，表达了诗人深切的同情心，和唐代白居易著名的《卖炭翁》颇相同。
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柳永《
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斗百花·飒飒霜飘鸳瓦》
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王维《
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赠刘蓝田（一作卢象诗）》
范成大简介
唐代·范成大的简介
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范成大（1126-1193），字致能，号称石湖居士。汉族，平江吴县（今江苏苏州）人。南宋诗人。谥文穆。从江西派入手，后学习中、晚唐诗，继承了白居易、王建、张籍等诗人新乐府的现实主义精神，终于自成一家。风格平易浅显、清新妩媚。诗题材广泛，以反映农村社会生活内容的作品成就最高。他与杨万里、陆游、尤袤合称南宋“中兴四大诗人”。
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