思吴江歌
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魏晋]：张翰
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三千里兮家未归，恨难禁兮仰天悲。
思吴江歌译文及注释
译文
秋风起，树叶飞，吴江的鲈鱼鲜又肥。离家三千里，想回未能回。
思念家乡的愁和恨，怎么也压抑不住，只能向天悲叹！
注释
木叶：树叶。
鲈鱼：即桂花鱼，古名银鲈、玉花鲈。体侧扁，巨口细鳞，身有桂花色纹，肉肥嫩鲜美。
思吴江歌鉴赏
诗的前两句“秋风起兮木叶飞，吴江水兮鲈鱼肥”从又一次降临人问的秋景写起，引发出对故乡风物的深沉思念。秋风飒飒，天高云淡，一派佳丽景色。这景色对每一个人应该是一种享受，一种留恋。然而，在动人的佳景后面隐含着一个未曾道出的事实：身在洛阳，千里为宦。这样写的是洛阳的“秋风”、“佳景”，念的却是家乡的秋日风光，异地风光引起了作者难以自禁的乡关之思。所以第二句就一下子写到了家乡吴江的水，家乡水中那肥美的鲈鱼美不美。一想起家乡那甜美的水，已使作者心驰神往，更何况从家乡水中打起肥美的鲈鱼做成可口的菜肴，那该怎样地让作者心旌摇荡，甚至于口涎难止。这首诗只提到鲈鱼一种。在一首简短的诗里因受字句限制，撮取其一已可，而这诗与那段动人的佳话互相呼应，则更增加了诗与事共同的魅力。如果再推深一层来看，作者写此诗的时候，那种浓浓的乡关之思是因为对于政治的失望与担忧而变得强烈的，这里却抛开对时局和本身遭际的任何感慨，将远离黑暗官场的深层心理转化为美食引诱的浅层的生理欲望，这不仅增加了诗的含蓄度，而且因为浓浓的乡关之思使它具有更为普遍的人生情感与意义。
诗的后两句“三千里兮家未归，恨难禁兮仰天悲”，明白地点出了故乡千里未能归去的“恨”与“悲”，强化了前两句中蕴涵的情感，却远没有前两句含蓄深厚，滋味深远。与上两句的眼见秋风又起了，秋风吹落了树上的黄叶，家乡鲈鱼肥美，可自己却在这遥远的北方，远隔数千里，想回又回不去，做着与自己的期望相背的工作，怎么不令人伤悲。可悲的是这种伤悲还无人可以诉说，只能压抑在胸中。然而，终究是无法压制了，张翰仰头向天，发出了长长的悲叹。其中第三句“三千里兮家未归”说身在几千里外的异地，回乡的心愿难遂。这正是仰天悲的原因。第四句“恨难禁兮仰天悲”是诗前后因果相谇，气蛰如高山流水，潺潺而进，畅达自然。
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佚名《
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古歌》
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曾几《
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苏秀道中》
张翰简介
唐代·张翰的简介
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张翰，西晋文学家，字季鹰，父亲是三国孙吴的大鸿胪张俨。吴郡吴县（今苏州）人。生卒年不详，葬于芦墟二十九都南役圩。张翰性格放纵不拘，时人比之为阮籍，号“江东步兵”。齐王执政，辟为大司马东曹掾，见祸乱方兴，以秋风起思吴中菰菜、莼羹、鲈鱼为由辞官而归。
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