塞翁失马
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两汉]：刘安
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近塞上之人，有善术者，马无故亡而入胡。人皆吊之，其父曰：“此何遽不为福乎？”居数月，其马将胡骏马而归。人皆贺之，其父曰：“此何遽不能为祸乎？”家富良马，其子好骑，堕而折其髀。人皆吊之，其父曰：“此何遽不为福乎？”居一年，胡人大入塞，丁壮者引弦而战。近塞之人，死者十九。此独以跛之故，父子相保。
塞翁失马译文及注释
译文
靠近边境一带居住的人中有一个精通术数的人，他们家的马无缘无故跑到了胡人的住地。人们都前来慰问他。那个老人说：“这怎么就不能是一件好事呢？”过了几个月，那匹马带着胡人的良马回来了。人们都前来祝贺他们一家。那个老人说：“这怎么就不能是一件坏事呢？”他家中有很多好马，他的儿子喜欢骑马，结果从马上掉下来摔得大腿骨折。人们都前来安慰他们一家。那个老人说：“这怎么就不能是一件好事呢？”过了一年，胡人大举入侵边境一带，壮年男子都拿起弓箭去作战。靠近边境一带的人，绝大部分都死了。唯独这个人因为腿瘸的缘故免于征战，父子得以保全生命。
注释
塞上：长城一带
善术者：精通术数的人。术，术数，推测人事吉凶祸福的法术，如看相，占卜等，这是迷信活动。
亡：逃跑
吊：对其不幸表示安慰。
何遽（jù）：怎么就，表示反问。
居：经过
将：带领
富：多
髀：（bì）大腿
塞翁失马鉴赏
《塞翁失马》通过一个循环往复的极富戏剧性故事，阐述了祸与福的对立统一关系，揭示了“祸兮福所倚，福兮祸所伏”的道理。如果单从哲学角度去看，这则寓言启发人们用发展的眼光辩证地去看问题：身处逆境不消沉，树立“柳暗花明”的乐观信念；身处顺境不迷醉，保持“死于安乐”的忧患意识。
从寓言本身包含的思想倾向来看，存在与主流思想不和谐的因素：“居一年，胡人大入塞，丁壮者引弦而战。近塞之人，死者十九。此独以跛之故，父子相保。”胡人大举入侵，国难当头，青壮年都拿起武器去打仗了，而且有那么多的人在战场上献出了宝贵的生命，足见战争之惨烈。在这种严峻的形势下，“善术者”父子没有尽匹夫之责，倒是“以跛之故”保全了性命。
问题不在于“父子”是否上战场，毕竟年老和腿瘸的客观现实给了他们没上战场的理由。问题的关键是作者把“父子”因为没有上战场而保全了性命当做了莫大的“福”分，并为之而庆幸。这与培养爱国主义感情、道德品质，逐步形成积极的人生态度和正确的价值观”的要求很不一致。
国家有难，匹夫有责。“善术者”因为腿被摔瘸了而没有为国尽力，理当感到遗憾甚至惭愧，特别是在有那么多战死者的情况下，作为苟活者，应该感到内疚甚至耻辱才是。但“父子”没有，他们只是庆幸，庆幸“堕而折其髀”的灾祸，庆幸逃脱了去战场捐躯”，庆幸继续活下去的福气。
这里没办法去讨论战争的正义与否，毕竟只是一则寓言，是为了诠释一个道理而演绎的故事。如果单从祸福相互转化的关系去看，对这则寓言不能有什么非议。但既然选入了中国的学生教材，就应该特别在乎是否有“积极的人生态度和正确的价值观”了。
在一定的条件下，好事和坏事是可以互相转换的，坏事可以变成好事，好事可以变成坏事。“塞翁失马”的故事在民间流传了千百年。无论遇到福还是祸，要调整自己的心态，要超越时间和空间去观察问题，要考虑到事物有可能出现的极端变化。
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韩非《
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智子疑邻》
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苏轼《
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小儿不畏虎》
刘安简介
唐代·刘安的简介
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刘安（前179－前122），西汉皇族，淮南王。汉高祖刘邦之孙，淮南厉王刘长之子。他是西汉的思想家、文学家，奉汉武帝之命所著《离骚体》是中国最早对屈原及其《离骚》作高度评价的著作。他曾招宾客方术之士数千人，编写《鸿烈》亦称《淮南子》。刘安是世界上最早尝试热气球升空的实践者，他将鸡蛋去汁，以燃烧取热气，使蛋壳浮升。同时，刘安也是我国豆腐的创始人。
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