大德歌·冬
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元代]：关汉卿
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大德歌·冬译文及注释
译文
大雪纷飞，掩蔽重门，不由得人不断魂，消瘦憔悴得有如江梅而失去往日之风韵。抬眼望去，哪里是清江江上村？香闺里冷落谁来理睬与慰问？ 好一个面容憔悴翘首远望的凭栏人！
注释
双调：宫调名，元曲常用的十二宫调之一。大德歌：曲牌名，入双调，共七句七韵。
断魂：形容人极度悲伤。
江梅：暗用梅妃之典。梅妃，唐玄宗的妃子，本姓江，因爱梅，玄宗赐名梅妃。韵：风韵。
那里：即哪里。此句是写思妇遥望远处的景象。
“好一个”句：意谓思妇在大雪纷飞中倚着楼栏，面容憔悴地翘望远人的归来。凭阑，即凭栏。
参考资料：
1、李雁 吴冰沁．元散曲经典品读．北京：蓝天出版社，2015：20-23
大德歌·冬创作背景
这是为闺中女子代言之作。郑振铎、胡适、吴晓铃、王季思等学者认为“大德歌”是关汉卿在元成宗朝自创的新曲调，“大德”是元成宗的第二个年号，据此可知这首《大德歌》当作于大德（1297—1307）年间。
参考资料：
1、黄卉 章宏伟.关汉卿的生卒年和里籍问题.中国典籍与文化,2003(4)
大德歌·冬鉴赏
这支小令，多半内容反映的是闺中少妇绝望的心情。开头两句“雪纷纷，掩重门”，点明季节，说年冬腊月，大雪纷飞，造成交通阻塞的困难，远行人就更不易归来了，少妇不能不为之心碎。在这个时候，要表露少妇的感情再也容不得半点含蓄，因此第三句接着直抒胸臆，明白写出了“不由人不断魂”的惨痛句子。第四句“瘦损江梅韵”，以梅妃的故事作比，表明思妇由于怀念远方丈夫而变得削瘦，失去了往昔的风韵。第五句“清江江上村”，是化用辛弃疾《菩萨蛮·书江西造口壁》“郁孤台下清江水，中间多少行人泪”等词句的意境，进一步表现少妇的孤寂与悲痛之情。第六句“香闺里冷落谁瞅问”，是少妇发出无可奈何的慨叹。
小令的重点句则是最后的“好一个憔悴的凭阑人”，在大雪纷飞，家家紧闭重门这样严寒的日子里，冒雪凭栏遥望远方归人。在漫天风雪中，惟有她依栏远望、凝思，表达思念之情的深沉严冬都封杀不了。“好”字意义双关，下得非常妙，它似是修饰“憔悴”，用作甚辞，有“很”“太”等意，寄寓着作者深厚的同情，但也有更多的赞赏之意。此句一扫上文所言绝望的情绪，显示出一个少妇对爱情的执着追求和坚强的性格。有此一句，才显出此曲的精妙之所在，它可以使全篇的消沉气氛为之一振。
此曲在结构上，采用的是前后矛盾对立的写法。前面几句极写少妇的绝望心情，经彩笔左涂右抹，色调越来越浓，似乎已经绝望到底，而最后一句，则急转直下，一反常态。这样，先抑后扬，更富有吸引人的艺术魅力。
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白朴《
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天净沙·冬》
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李商隐《
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对雪二首》
关汉卿简介
唐代·关汉卿的简介
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关汉卿（约1220年──1300年），元代杂剧作家。是中国古代戏曲创作的代表人物，“元曲四大家”之首。号已斋（一作一斋）、已斋叟。汉族，解州人（今山西省运城），与马致远、郑光祖、白朴并称为“元曲四大家”。以杂剧的成就最大，一生写了60多种，今存18种，最著名的有《窦娥冤》；关汉卿也写了不少历史剧，如：《单刀会》、《单鞭夺槊》、《西蜀梦》等；散曲今在小令40多首、套数10多首。关汉卿塑造的“我却是蒸不烂、煮不熟、捶不匾、炒不爆、响珰珰一粒铜豌豆”（〈不伏老〉）的形象也广为人称，被誉“曲家圣人”。
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