浣溪沙·春到青门柳色黄
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五代]：冯延巳
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春到青门柳色黄，一梢红杏出低墙，莺窗人起未梳妆。
绣帐已阑离别梦，玉炉空袅寂寥香。闺中红日奈何长。
浣溪沙·春到青门柳色黄鉴赏
这首小令写春日少妇的寂寞。上阕前二句以瑰丽的彩笔描绘出姹紫嫣红的满园春色：鹅黄的新柳，娇红的桃杏，映着青青的芳草，织就一幅美不胜收的图画。“春到青门”四字极有诗意，词人把春天来到人间的景况形象地比拟为春姑娘翩翩地来到大自然的芳草青青的门槛，这想象是多么新奇，美丽而又得体贴切，“柳色黄”三字也用得妙，在“草色遥看近却无”的早春季节，柳梢最初缀着的是米粒大的新芽，而新芽初茁之际，柳条上便缀满了鹅黄的嫩叶，渐渐才变成淡绿碧绿的成叶。前人有“柳垂金线拂平桥”之句，即是描写这一“柳色初黄”的情景。次句“一梢红杏出低墙”一出，画面就更为之增色，，在鹅黄淡绿的背景上加添了绯红瑰丽的一笔——一枝红艳艳的杏花探出低低的墙垣，呈现在我们眼前，就益发感到春色的迷人。北宋词人宋祁有“红杏枝头春意闹”的名句，南宋诗人叶绍翁也有“春色满园关不住，一枝红杏出墙来”的绝唱，但他们皆在冯延巳之后，从字句的安排与意境的经营上都可以看出它们之间的渊源关系，后二者较之前者虽青出于蓝而胜于蓝，但最早能吟出这样佳句者却有不可替代的美学价值。
前二句对于“莺窗人起未梳妆”来说是一种反衬，即以大自然的生机勃勃与万紫千红来反衬人物的慵懒无绪与黯然寂寞。“莺窗”这一意象也捕捉得十分美妙，它使我们听到窗外莺啼的婉啭，也使我们联想到草长莺飞的美丽意境，还使我们想起“打起黄莺儿，莫教枝上啼，啼时惊妾梦，不得到辽西”的名篇。黄莺儿真的惊破了丽人的好梦了吗？她悻悻地、懒懒地起了床，却恹恹地、迟迟地不去梳妆打扮。“士为知己者死，女为悦己者容。”悦己者远在他乡，是没有心思去拭容饰貌的。
下阕紧承上阕第三句，描写少妇起床后呆呆地出神、默默地痴想的神态：方才在绣帐中萦回的别梦已成为依稀的碎影，而玉炉中袅袅香篆更增添了心境的寂寥。“玉炉空袅寂寥香”一句，把女主人公寂寥的心境形象化：她那落寞心绪正象袅袅香篆悠悠地舒卷、轻轻地飘散着。词人在这里找到了一个最能外化主人公心境的意象。尾句“闺中红日奈何长”乃点题之笔，良辰苦短，愁日倍长，这是人的心理时间在起作用。对于一个无所事事只盼良人归来的闺中少妇来说，她肯定感到时间是无可奈何的漫长。这也正是有闲阶级的妇女不幸之所在。
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谢逸《
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踏莎行·柳絮风轻》
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阎选《
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八拍蛮·云锁嫩黄烟柳细》
冯延巳简介
唐代·冯延巳的简介
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冯延巳 （903--960）又名延嗣，字正中，五代广陵（今江苏省扬州市）人。在南唐做过宰相，生活过得很优裕、舒适。他的词多写闲情逸致辞，文人的气息很浓，对北宋初期的词人有比较大的影响。宋初《钓矶立谈》评其“学问渊博，文章颖发，辩说纵横”，其词集名《阳春集》。
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