金陵怀古
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唐代]：司空曙
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辇路江枫暗，宫庭野草春。
金陵怀古译文及注释
译文
江边前朝天子车驾经过的道路，如今枫树参天，树色暗淡。前朝宫廷殿院，如今已是荒丘残垒，野草丛生。
伤心那前朝庾开府庾信，可怜那南朝的庾开府，到老来却做了北朝的大臣。
注释
金陵：今江苏省南京市，南朝四代（宋、齐、梁、陈）都城。
辇路：帝王车驾所经之路。江枫暗：谓枫树茂密。
庾开府：即庾信，初仕梁为太子中庶子，梁元帝时以右卫将军出使西魏，被留长安。后历仕西魏、北周，官至骠骑大将军，开府仪同三司，世称庾开府。
金陵怀古创作背景
这首诗应是作者因安史乱起而避难江南时所作，具体创作年代已不详。从诗的内容看，可知诗人于春天路过金陵，见六朝往事，皆淹役于荒草之中，抚今追昔，感慨万端，挥毫写下此诗。
参考资料：
1、夏于全．唐诗宋词（第七卷）：北方妇女儿童出版社，2006：270-271
2、岳希仁．唐诗绝句精华：广西师范大学出版社，1996：148
金陵怀古鉴赏
金陵（今江苏南京）从三国吴起，先后为六朝国都，是历代诗人咏史的重要题材。司空曙的这首《金陵怀古》，选材典型，用事精工，别具匠心。
前两句写实。作者就眼前所见，选择两件典型的景物加以描绘，着墨不多，而能把古都金陵衰败荒凉的景象，表现得很具体，很鲜明。辇路即皇帝乘车经过的道路。想当年，皇帝出游，旌旗如林，鼓乐喧天，前呼后拥，应是无比威风。此时这景象已不复存在，只有道旁那饱览人世沧桑的江枫，长得又高又大，遮天蔽日，投下浓密的阴影，使荒芜的辇路更显得幽暗阴森。“江枫暗”的“暗”字，既是写实，又透露出此刻作者心情的沉重。沿着这条路走去，就可看到残存的一些六朝宫苑建筑了。“台城六代竞豪华”，昔日的宫庭，珠光宝气，金碧辉煌，一派显赫繁华，更不用说到了飞红点翠、莺歌燕舞的春天。现在这里却一片凄清冷落，只有那野草到处滋生，长得蓬蓬勃勃，好像整个宫庭都成了它们的世界。“野草春”，这“春”字既点时令，又着意表示，点缀春光的唯有这萋萋野草而已。这两句对偶整齐，辇路、宫庭与江枫、野草形成强烈对照，这将它的现状与历史作比较，其盛衰兴亡之感自然寄寓于其中。
接下去，笔锋一转，运实入虚，别出心裁地用典故抒发情怀。典故用得自然、恰当，蕴含丰富，耐人寻味。
先说自然。庾开府即庾信，因曾官开府仪同三司，故称。庾信是梁朝著名诗人，早年在金陵做官，和父亲庾肩吾一起，深受梁武帝赏识，所谓“父子东宫，出入禁闼，恩礼莫与比隆”。诗人从辇路、宫庭着笔来怀古，当然很容易联想到庾信，它与作者的眼前情景相接相合，所以是自然的。
再说恰当。庾信出使北朝西魏期间，梁为西魏所亡，遂被强留长安。北周代魏后，他又被迫仕于周，一直留在北朝，最后死于隋文帝开皇元年。他经历了北朝几次政权的交替，又目睹南朝最后两个王朝的覆灭，其身世是最能反映那个时代的动乱变化的。再说他长期羁旅北地，常常想念故国和家乡，其诗赋多有“乡关之思”，著名的《哀江南赋》就是这方面的代表作。诗人的身世和庾信有某些相似之处。他经历过“安史之乱”，亲眼看到大唐帝国从繁荣的顶峰上跌落下来。安史乱时，他曾远离家乡，避难南方，乱平后一时还未能回到长安，思乡之情甚切。所以，诗人用庾信的典故，既感伤历史上六朝的兴亡变化，又借以寄寓对唐朝衰微的感叹，更包含有他自己的故园之思、身世之感在内，确是贴切工稳，含蕴丰富。“伤心”二字，下得沉重，值得玩味。庾信曾作《伤心赋》一篇，伤子死，悼国亡，哀婉动人，自云：“既伤即事，追悼前亡，惟觉伤心······”以“伤心”冠其名上，自然贴切，而这不仅概括了庾信的生平遭际，也寄托了作者对这位前辈诗人的深厚同情，更是他此时此地悲凉心情的自白。
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张光启《
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池上》
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李商隐《
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月》
司空曙简介
唐代·司空曙的简介
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司空曙(约720-790年)，字文明，或作文初。广平（今河北永年县东南）人，大历十才子之一，唐代诗人。约唐代宗大历初前后在世。大历年进士，磊落有奇才，与李约为至交。性耿介，不干权要。家无担石，晏如也。尝因病中不给，遣其爱姬。韦辠节度剑南，辟致幕府。授洛阳主簿。。其诗多为行旅赠别之作，长于抒情，多有名句。胡震亨曰："司空虞部婉雅闲淡，语近性情。"(《唐音癸签》卷七)有《司空文明诗集》。其诗朴素真挚，情感细腻，多写自然景色和乡情旅思，长于五律。诗风闲雅疏淡。
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